ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त (ब्रह्मगुप्त - शून्य, कुट्टक, बीजगणित एवं सम्पूर्ण २१ अध्याय सान्वय सटीक)

160 BRAHMAGUPTA AND ARITHMETIC Thus for example : 96 × 237 = (4 × 4 × 6) × 237 = (4 × 237) × 4 × 6 = 948 × 4 × 6 = (4 × 948) × 6 = 3792 × 6 = 22752 These methods of multiplication are found among the Arabs and the Italians, having obtained from people of India. They were known as the “Scapezzo” and “Repiego” methods respectively amongst Italians. (iii) Iṣṭa-guṇana Method or the Algebraic Method. We have already quoted the relevant verse from the Brāh- masphuṭa-siddhānta in this connection; (XII. 56) : The multiplicand is multiplied by the sum or the difference of the multiplied and an assumed quantity and from the result the product of the assvmed quan- tity and the multiplicand is subtracted or added.¹ [L