ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त (ब्रह्मगुप्त - शून्य, कुट्टक, बीजगणित एवं सम्पूर्ण २१ अध्याय सान्वय सटीक)

BRAHMAGUPTA A GREAT CRITIC 321 show variance of movement, but in the Daśagītikā (a chapter of ten Āryā verses), he states that with the exception of the pāta of the Moon, the pāta's of all other planets are stationary or cons- tant. Brahmagupta points out this anomaly in the concept of Āryabhaṭa.¹ 6. Brahmagupta points out a self-contradiction in Ārya- bhaṭa. At one place he says that the Moon covers the Sun during the solar eclipse and similarly the shadow of the Earth covers the Moon during the lunar eclipse (and he does not mention Rāhu) in this connection (Āryabhaṭīya, Gola. 37). At the same time it is said that Āryabhaṭa was familar with the movement of "eight" planets, and thus postulating the presence of Rāhu; in fact, the pātas of planets are responsible for their eclipse, and the eighth planet Rāhu is not present.² 7. Āryabhaṭa gives measures to Manus, Yugas and Kalpas different from what have been given in the recognised Smṛtis.³ 8. Āryabhaṭa regards Guruvāra or Thursday to be the first day of the Kalpa, and not Sunday, which is wrong according to Brahmagupta.⁴ 9. Brahmagupta unnecessarily criticises Āryabhaṭa in respect to the order of days. The motion of the planets decreases in the following order : Moon, Budha (Mercury), Śukra (Venus), Sun, Kuja (Mars), Guru (Jupiter) and Śani (Saturn). Āryabhaṭa in one of his verses states that starting from the Sun and pro- ceeding in the increasing order every fourth is the dinapati or the "lord of the day" (Āryabhaṭīya, Kāla. 16); this gives the order : Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Venus and Saturn and hence the order of days as Ravivāra (Sunday); Candravāra (Monday,)

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1. आर्य्याष्टशते पाता भ्रमन्ति दशगीतिके स्थिराः पाताः । मुक्तेन्दु पातमपमण्डले भ्रमन्ति स्थिरा नान्ये ॥ —BrSpSi. XI. 8
2. आर्य्यभटो जानाति ग्रहाष्टगतिं यदुक्तवांस्तदसत् । राहुकृतं न ग्रहणं तत्पातो नाष्टमो राहुः ॥ —BrSpSi. XI. 9
3. समामनुयुगकल्पाः कल्पादिगतं कृतादियातं च । स्मृत्युक्तं र्रार्य्यभटो नातो जानाति मन्वादिम् ॥ —BrSpSi. XI. 10
4. ओङ्कारो दिनवारो गुरुरौदयिकोऽस्य भवति कल्पादौ । न भव्यर्को यस्मादोङ्कारो विस्तरस्तस्मात् ॥ —BrSpSi. XI. 11