ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त (ब्रह्मगुप्त - शून्य, कुट्टक, बीजगणित एवं सम्पूर्ण २१ अध्याय सान्वय सटीक)

48 PERSONAL REFERENCES OF BRAHMAGUPTA cript is available in the Library of the King of Banaras (Kāśīrāja) which has the colophony at the end as : श्री चापवंशतिलके श्री व्याघ्रमुखे नृपे शकनृपात् , पञ्चाशत्संयुक्तैर्वर्षशतैः पञ्चभिरतीतैः । ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्तः सज्जनगणितज्ञगोलवित्प्रीत्यै, त्रिंशद्वर्षेण कृतो जिष्णुसुतब्रह्मगुप्तेन ॥ Bhāskara II has written the famous treatise Siddhāntaśiromaṇi (1150), which is almost based on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. It has been edited by the author's own gloss (Vāsanābhāṣya) by Bāpu Deva Śāstrī (Vārāṇasī); by Murlidhar Jha with the com- mentaries, Vāsanāvārttika of Nṛsiṁha (1621) and Marīci of Munīśvara (1635), vol. I (containing chapter 1 of the Gaṇitā- dhyāya) (Vārāṇasī, 1917); by Girija Prasad Dvivedi with original commentaries in Sanskrit and Hindi, vols. I and II (Lucknow, 1911, 1926); English translation of the text only by Bāpu Deva Śāstrī and Wilkinson (Calcutta, 1861). In the very first Chapter (verse 2), Brahmagupta writes : The old calculations dealing with planets (i.e. the old astronomy), based on the system of Brahmā have become erroneous in course of past ages and therefore, I, the son of Jiṣṇugupta would like to clarify them. Brahmagupta was not a mere theorist, he based his calcula- tions on direct observations with the help of instruments or devices (nalikādi yantra); he was in favour of making correc- tions on the basis of these observations. He was himself an expert observer. In his Khaṇḍakhādyaka also he has emphasised the need of direct observation. At many places, Brahmagupta has severely criticised the Romaka and Pauliśa systems of astronomy which were introduced in this country by Lāṭadeva and Śrīṣeṇa. There are many passages where this criticism would be available with vehe- mance. Brhamagupta was opposed to the system of Āryabhaṭa I. He never spares the school of Āryabhaṭa which was regarded as the most authoritative then. Sudhākara Dvivedi says that as Brahmagupta was opposed to the system of Āryabhaṭa, so the Vaṭeśvara Siddhānta was opposed to that of Brahmagupta. The Institute has already published the Vaṭeśvara Siddhānta and now it has the privilege of publishing the Brahmasphuṭasiddhānta.