बार्हस्पत्य सूत्र / अर्थशास्त्र (महर्षि बृहस्पति - प्राचीन दण्डनीति, राजधर्म एवं कूटनीति सटीक)

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(old subjunctive of dîv ; see Lexx.). Finally, it presents some confusions (e.g. I. 36, II. 34, V. 17), probably due to the MSS., and one strange word kusumânta, which, though it can hardly be for Musalmân, might conceiv- ably be a roundabout expression for Pallava (or pall- ava=vita). It is not, however, the case that nothing can be said on the other side. Apart from the suspected interpolat- ions, the tone and style, and even the disjointed and miscellaneous character of the work, produce a sense of antiquity : it is hard to conceive of such a treatise being deliberately compiled by persons acquainted with the Nîtisâra of Kâmandaki and the Shukranîti. Some of the expressions, e.g. atibhedayet (I. 52), alamkârayet (IV. 10), are in the old Arthashâtra style, as are the proverbial expressions (e.g. I. 29, 100, II. 11, v. 13, IV. 12). The name Tishya, as applied to the fourth, or Kali, age, recurs in the Mahâbhârata and Harivamsha. A connection with the Bârhaspatyas may be seen in the restriction of the royal sciences to one, namely dandanîti (Arthashâstra, p.6), although they add vârttâ (which again is represented in our text by krishigorakshabânijyâni, II. 4; cf. Arthashâstra, p. 8, krishipâshupâlye bânijyâ ca vârttâ). The importance attached to the Lokâyta and Bauddha doctrines also points to the same direction. The term Kâpâlika, as applied to adherents of the Kâmashâstra, requires explanation; but some Shaiva sects e.g. the Pâshupatas encourage erotic ideas. Upon the whole we should perhaps not be mistaken in maintaining that the text does, though rather remotely, derive from the ancient Bârhaspatya system. We might compare it with such treatises as the existent Vedângas,