प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

310 EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA Buddha and wrote its works in Sanskrit. Mahâbhârata; book; c. 300 B. C. Mahâbhârata war; c. 1400 B. C. Mâlatîmâdhava drâma; c. 725 A.D. Mâlava republic; c. 300 B. C. to 200 A. D. Maṇḍanamiśra; A. c. 800 A D. Mantra; sacred verse or formula. Manusmṛiti; c. 300 B. C. Mauryan age; 325 to 190 B. C. Milindapañha a book: c. 1st century B. C. or A. D. Mîmânsâ school of philosophy deals with Vedic exegis and sacrifices. Muñja; K. c. 980 A. D. Nâgârjuna; Mahâyâna philosopher, c. 150 A. D. Naishṭhika Brahmachâri observed celibacy to the end of his life. Nirukta; a work on Vedic exegis; c. 700 B. C. Nyâya philosophy mainly deals with the problems of logic. Pallava dynasty; c. 300 to 750 A. D. Pâṇini; famous grammarian; c. 6th century B. C. Pâthaśâla; Sanskrit school. Patwari; village accountant. Punarjanma; rebirth Purâṇas were given their present form in c. 350 A. D., though there are some later additions too. Râmâyaṇa; c. 200 B C. Râjaśekhara; poet; c. 900 A. D. Śâlivâhana dynasty; also known as Sâtavâhana dynasty c. 200 B. C. to 200 A. D. Samâvartana ceremony: at the end of the education course. Saṁgha; Buddhist order of monks. Sâṁkhya philosophy is atheistic and advocates that matter and souls are the two entities. Sandhyâ; morning and evening Vedic prayer. Śaṅkarâchârya, the great Advaitic philosopher; c. 800 A. D. Saṁskâra; ritual. Śibi republic in c. 300 B. C. Śindhurâja; K. c. 1000 A. D. Smṛitis; metrical books on sacred law; c. 300 B. C. to 800 A. D. Snâna; see Samâvartana. Śrâddha; oblations offered to a dead ancestor on the date of his death. Sugandhâ; Q. of Kashmir, c. 900 A. D. Śuṅga dynasty; c. 190 to 80 B.C. Suśruta; a work on medicine. Tol; a Sanskrit school on traditional lines. Upâkarma; see App. I C. Upanayana ceremony for initiating a student into Vedic studies. Upanishadic period; c. 1200 to 800 B. C. Uttararâmacharit drama; c. 725 A. D. Utsarjana; see App. I. C. Vaiśeshika philosophy mainly deals with atomism and logic. Vasubandhu; Mahâyâna philosopher, c. 300 A. D. Vedâṅgas; see App. IV. Vedānta philosophy; mainly based on Upanishads and amplified by Śaṅkara, Râmânuja and others. Vikramâditya VI, Châlukya emperor, c. 1100 A. D. Vrata; a religious vow. Yama Smṛiti; c. 7th century A.D. Yoga philosophy concentrates on meditation and Prâṇâyâma. Yuan Chwang: Chinese pilgrim in India in c. 640 A. D.