गोविन्द भाष्य (श्रील बलदेव विद्याभूषण - अचिन्त्यभेदाभेद वेदान्त ब्रह्मसूत्र भाष्य सटीक)

1.1.16, 1.1.17, 1.3.5, 1.3.21, and 1.3.41. The Vedic literature gives the following guidelines for the interpretation of obscure passages: upakramopasaṁhārāv abhyāso 'pūrvatā-phalam artha-vādopapattī ca liṅgaṁ tātparya-nirṇaye "The upakrama (beginning), upasaṁhāra (ending), abhyāsa (what is repeated again and again), apūrvatā (what is unique and novel), phalam (the general purpose of the book), artha-vāda (the author's statement of his own intention), and upapatti (appropriateness) are the factors to consider in interpretation of obscure passages." If we apply these criteria to the śruti-śāstra, we will clearly see that the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the individual spirit soul are described here as two distinct entities. Let us analyze the following passage from Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad (4.6-7) in the light of these six criteria. dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṁ vṛkṣaṁ pariṣasvajāte tayor anyaḥ pippalaṁ svādv atty anaśnann anyo 'bhicakāśīti "The individual spirit-soul and the Supersoul, Personality of Godhead, are like two friendly birds sitting on the same tree. One of the birds (the individual atomic soul) is eating the fruit of the tree (the sense-gratification afforded to the material body), and the other bird (the Supersoul) is not trying to eat these fruits, but is simply watching His friend. samāne vṛkṣe puruṣo nimagno 'nīśāya śocati muhyamānaḥ juṣṭaṁ yadā paśyati anyam īśam asya mahimānam iti vīta-śokaḥ "Although the two birds are on the same tree, the eating bird is fully engrossed with anxiety and moroseness as the enjoyer of the fruits of the tree. But if in some way or other he turns his face to his friend who is the Lord and knows His glories, at once the suffering bird becomes free from all anxieties." In this passage the upakrama (beginning) is dvā suparṇā (two birds); the