काव्यमीमांसा (महाकवि राजशेखर - कवि-रहस्य एवं देश-विभाग सटीक)

136 EXPLANATORY NOTES two more systems of philosophy and by distributing them into two groups पूर्वपक्ष and उत्तरपक्ष. The philosophy of the Jains, Buddhists and Cārvākas is included in the former while that of the Sāṅkhya, Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika is taken up in the latter. These six schools are called by the single name of Tarka. Gautama defines Tarka in his Nyāyasūtra as अविज्ञाततत्त्वेऽर्थे कारणोपपत्तितः तत्त्वज्ञानार्थमूहस्तर्कः । (1-1-40.). As these six schools of philosophy try to discover the real nature of the universe, soul, body and other connected objects, they are collectively known as Tarka. This Tarka is based on three varieties of arguments in order to decide the truth or otherwise of a statement. These arguments are commonly known as Kathā which consists of three members: वाद, जल्प and वितण्डा । (see Vātsyāyanabhāṣya on Gautama (1. 2. 1-3) for the definitions of Vāda, etc.) l. 25. Here the author while generally defining the S'āstras shows also the correct method of their composition. In the course of his definition, he mentions that the S'āstras were originally composed in the form of Sūtras; commentaries and explanations then followed, and the S'āstras expanded just as the rivers expand in the course of their progress. Page. 5. l. 1. सूत्रणात् । The root sūtra means वेष्टन or that which encircles. A Sūtra, indeed, encircles or includes many things within a short space. Similarly, S'āstric Sūtras also are concise technical sentences which express the maximum idea in the minimum of space. l. 2. The well-known and the most popular definition of Sūtra is given in this verse. Cf. Vāyupurāṇa 59, 142. There is another definition which also deserves to be cited in this connection :— लघूनि सूचितार्थानि स्वल्पाक्षरपदानि च । सर्वतः सारभूतानि सूत्राण्याहुर्मनीषिणः ॥ l. 3. अस्तोभम् । The word स्तोभ signifies a letter, or a group of letters which serves no purpose in making out the sense of a sentence and is, therefore, considered redundant. Such words are very common in the Sāmaveda. The letters हुं, फट् etc. are examples of स्तोभ. In Sūtras all redundant letters should be eschewed.