काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

350 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA साग्रिमा ।। श्रौत्यार्थी च भवेद्वाक्ये समासे तद्धिते तथा ॥ ८७ ॥ अग्रिमा पूर्णा । यथेवादिशब्दा यत्परास्तस्यैवोपमानताप्रतीतिरिति यद्यप्युप- मानविशेषणान्येते तथापि शब्दशक्तिमहिम्ना श्रुत्यैव षष्ठीवत् संबन्धं प्रतिपादयन्तीति तत्सद्भावे श्रौती उपमा । तथैव “तत्र तस्येव” इत्यनेनेवार्थे विहितस्य वतेरुपादाने ।। It is a case of Complete Simile when all the factors are mentioned—(1) the object compared , (2) the object compared to, (3) the common property, and (4) terms signifying similitude ; and it is one of Elliptical Simile, when either one or two or three of these factors are omitted. The former of these is (a) directly expressed and (b) implied ; and it appears (1) in sentence, (2) in a compound and (3) in a nominal affix. 87. ‘Former’, i.e., the Complete Simile Such words as ‘yathā’, ‘iva’ and the like (meaning ‘like’, ‘as’, ‘just as’ and so forth.) As a matter of fact, that object is recognised as the ‘object compared to’, in connection with which such terms (expressive of similitude) as ‘yathā’, ‘iva’ and so forth are used ; and in this sense these terms serve to qualify the ‘object compared to’ ; but the force of these words such that, like the genitive case—ending, they directly express relationship ; so that in a passage where these terms are present, it is a case of Directly Expressed Simile.—So also in cases where the affix ‘vati’ is used in the sense of ‘iva’, and other terms expressive of simi- litude in accordance with Pāṇini 5.1.116 (which prescribes the use of ‘vati’ in the sense of similarity.)