काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

CHAPTER II 13 उपाधिश्च द्विविधः—वस्तुधर्मो वक्तृयदृच्छासंनिवेशितश्च । वस्तुधर्मोपि द्विविधः—सिद्धः साध्यश्च । सिद्धोपि द्विविधः— पदार्थस्य प्राणप्रदो विशेषाधानहेतुश्च । तत्राद्यो जातिः । उक्तं हि वाक्यपदीये—"न हि गौः स्वरूपेण गौर्नाप्यगौः । गोत्वा- भिसंबन्धात्तु गौः" इति । Though in every case it is the individual that is endowed with intelligent activity, and as such capable of acting and desisting from action ;—yet it is not right to restrict the conventional denotation to that alone, as this would make the convention either indefinite (if it were applied to all individuals, whose number is infinite) or wrong (if it were restricted to any one or only a few individuals, and hence not applicable to other in- dividuals) ; and also because (if the convention were restricted to individuals alone), no such distinction or differentiation would be possible as we have in the ex- pression—‘This (a) ox (community) which is (b) white (attribute) and (c) Dittha (by name) is (d) walking (action).’ [As per hypotheses, every one of these four words would denote the individual only, which is one and the same.] For these reasons the only reasonable course is to take the conventional denotation as appertaining only to the characteristic appurtenant to the individual. This characteristic of things is of two kinds—(a) that which belongs to the thing by its very nature and (b) that which is fastened upon it by the speaker ; the former of these again is of two kinds—(c) that which is an accom- plished entity and (d) that which has got to be accom- plished ; the former of these again, is of two kinds—(e) that which constitutes the very essence of the thing de- noted by the word and (f) that which is the means of the