काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

CHAPTER II 15 "गौःशुक्लश्चलो डित्थ इत्यादौ चतुष्टयी शब्दानां प्रवृत्तिः" इति महाभाष्यकारः। परमाण्वादीना तु गुणमध्यपाठात् पारि- भाषिकं गुणत्वम्। गुणक्रियायदृच्छाना वस्तुत एकरूपाणामप्या- श्रयभेदाद् भेद इव लक्ष्यते। यथैकस्य मुखस्य खड्गमुकुरतैलाद्या- लम्बनभेदात्। and so forth) which, being eternal qualities, are coeval with the substances to which they belong, of which latter, on that account, they are the very 'essence', and as such included under the category of 'community',—these have even so been classed under the category of 'quality' (and not under 'community'), only in view of the fact that they have been classed (by the Vaiśeṣikas) under 'qualities'; but in reality they can be called 'quality' only in a figurative or indirect sense. As for qualities, actions and proper names, even though each of them is, in reality one only (there being only one whiteness, only one act of walking and only one proper name 'Dittha', each of these being comprehen- sive respectively of all individual shades of whiteness, of all kinds of walking and of all instances of the utterance of the particular name by several persons), yet it appears as if there were some diversity in them, the reason whereof lies in the fact of their subsisting in diverse individuals; just as, for instance, though the face reflected is one only, yet when it is reflected in diverse reflecting substances, —such as the polished sword, the mirror, the oil and so forth,—it has the appearance of being diverse. [Hence as the diversity, in the case of quality, action and name is only apparent, not real, the denotation of these does not involve either 'vagueness' or 'wrongness' which has been found in the case of the denotation of individuals.]