नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

.VI 24 ] THE SENTIMENTS 103

Trembling, Change of Colour, Weeping and Fainting are the eight Temperamental States¹.

The four kinds of Histrionic Representation

23. The four kinds of Histrionic Representation are Gestures (āṅgika)¹, Words (vācika)², Dresses and Make-up (āhārya)³ and the Representation of the Temperament (sāttvika)⁴.

The Two Practices

24. The Practice of Representation (dharmī)¹ in a dramatic performance is twofold : realistic (lokadharmī, lit. popular) and conventional (nāṭyadharmī, lit. theatrical).

The four Styles

And the Verbal (bhāratī), the Grand (sāttvatī), the Graceful (kaiśikī) and the Energetic (ārabhaṭī) are the four Styles (vṛtti)².

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properly translated into English. Keith does not make any such attempt (see Skt. Drama) Haas translates the sāttvika-bhāva as 'Involuntary States'. But this seems to be very misleading, for the NŚ. takes sattva to be connected with manas. (see VI. 94), and most of the later writers follow this work in this respect. So the author of the ND. (III. 153) writes सर्वाङ्गं मन सत्त्व तत्प्रयोजनं हेतुस्त्येति सात्त्विकः मनोऽनवधाने हि न शक्यन्त एव स्वरभेदादयो नाट्येन दर्शयितुम्. The NŚ. has also a definition of sattva which is as follows : देहात्मकं भवेत् सत्त्व (XXIV. 7). The author of the BhP. elaborately defines the term sattva and discusses the psychological process connected with its use ; see (pp. 13-14). Viśvanātha in his SD. (164) defines sattva as follows : सत्त्वं नाम सात्त्विकस्यात्म-प्रकाशको कश्चनान्तरो धर्मः.

23 (B.24, G.23). ¹ āṅgikā—means Gestures of special kind defined in the śāstra ; see NŚ. VIII-XII.

² vācika—means Words suitable for representation of the different States (bhāva) composed by the playwright. See NŚ. XV-XXII.

³ See NŚ. XXIII. ⁴ See NŚ. XXIV.

24 (B.25-26a, G.24-25a). ¹ dharmī—This word has not been very correctly used. But the meaning is clear ; for details about dharmī see NŚ. XIII 69-81.

² Haas translates vṛttis as Styles of Procedure (DR. p. 67). The four Styles are translated by him as Eloquent (bhāratī), Grandiose (sāttvatī) Gay (kaiśikī) and Horrific (ārabhaṭī). We follow Keith's translation (Skt. Drama, p. 326). For details about vṛttis see NŚ. XXII. 1ff.