CHAPTER SEVEN

THE EMOTIONAL AND OTHER STATES

Bhāvas (States) explained

0. Now I shall;speak of the bhāvas (States). An enquiry in this connexion is, “Why are the bhāvas (States) so called ? Is it because they bhāvayanti (pervade) and are hence called bhāvas (States)?” It is said in reply that bhāvas (States) are so called because through Words, Gestures and the Representation of the Temperament, they bhāvayanti (infuse) the meaning of the play [into the spectators]. $^{1}$ Bhāva is ‘cause’ or ‘instrument’, for words such as, bhāvita, vāsita and kṛta are synonymous. An expression like, ‘O, all these things are bhāvita (pervaded) by one another’s smell or moistened by one another’s juice,’ is established even amongst the common people. Hence the root bhāvaya means ‘to pervade’. Ont his point there are the following Ślokas :

1. When the meanings presented by Determinants and Consequents are made to pervade (gamayte) [the heart of the spectators] they are called bhāvas (States).

2. As in these the inner idea of the playwright (kavi) is made to pervade [the mind of the spectators] by means of Words, Gestures, colour of the face and the Representation of the Temperament they are called bhāvas (States).

3. As they cause the Sentiments relating to varioūs kinds of Histrionic Representation to pervade [the mind of the spectators], they are called bhāvas (States) by those who produce a drama.

Vibhāvas (Determinants) explained

“Now, why is the word vibhāva used ?” [Answer] : “The word vibhāva is used for the sake of clear knowledge. It is

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0 (B.G. same).
1 (B.1-2, G.1). $^{1}$ We read bhāva iti kāraṇa(m) sādhanam yathā etc.
2 (B.3, G.2). \qquad\qquad 3 (B.4-5, G.3).