नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

-VII. 10 ] THE EMOTIONAL AND OTHER STATES 121

8. Just as a king is superior to other men, and the preceptor (guru) is superior to his disciples, so the Dominant States (sthāyi-bhāva) are superior to the other States (Determinants, Consequents and Transitory States).

The Dominant States

Characteristics of these which are known as the Sentiments have been mentioned before. Now we shall discuss the marks of the States common to them. First of all we shall take up [the case of] the Dominant States (sthāyi-bhāva).

Love

Love (rati) which has pleasure as its basis is caused by Determinants like seasons, garlands, unguent, ornaments, dear ones, enjoyment of a superior residential house and absence of opposition [from any one]. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents such as a smiling face, sweet words, motion of eyebrows, and glances and the like.

There is a Śloka [on this point]

9. Love arises from the attainment of desired objects, because of its agreeableness. It is to be represented on the stage by sweet words accompanied by [suitable] gestures and movements of limbs.

Laughter

Now Laughter (hāsya) is caused by Determinants such as mimicry of others' actions¹, incoherent talk, obtrusiveness, foolishness and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by means of Smile and the like.

On this point there is a traditional Śloka :

10. Laughter arises from a mimicry of other people's actions. It is to be represented on the stage by the learned with Smile, Laughter and Excessive Laughter.

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8 (B.12-14, G.8).
9 (B.14-15, G.9). ¹ B. adds kuhaka after paraceṣṭā.
10 (B.16-17, G.10).
16