नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

.XV. 34 ] RULES OF PROSODY 255

The case-ending

31. As they vibhajanti (distinguish between) the meanings of an inflected word or words with reference to their roots or gender, they are called vibhakti (case-endings).

The euphonic combination

32. Where separated vowels or consonants sandhīyate (combine)¹ by coming together² (yogataḥ) in a word or words it is called [an instance of] sandhi (euphonic combination).

33. As due to the meeting of two sounds (lit. letters) or of two words, their sequence (krama)¹ sandhīyate (result in a combination), it is called sandhi (euphonic combination).

The compound words

34. The Samāsa (compound word) which combine¹ many words to express a single meaning and suppresses affixes, has been described by the experts to be of six kinds such as Tatpuruṣa and the like.

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31 (C.30; B.XIV.34). ¹ This definition follows the etymological sense of the term (vibhakti). Durgasiṁha of the Kalāpa school says the case-endings are so called because of their giving distinctive meaning to a word (अर्थस्य विभजनाद् विभक्ति). See Haldar, Itihāsa, p. 169).

32 (B.XIV.35) C. omits this. Read viśliṣṭa for viśiṣṭa. ¹ The sandhi is strictly speaking, not merely a combination of two sounds (vowels or consonants), in a great number of cases their mutual phonetic influence constitutes a sandhi. This is of five kinds, and relate to savara-s, vyañjana-s, prakṛti-s, anusvāra-s, and visarga-s.

² This 'coming together' depends on the shortness of duration which separate the utterance of the two sounds. According to the ancient authorities sandhi will take place when this duration will not be more than half a mātrā. It is for this reason that the two hemistichs in a couplet are never combined.

अर्धमात्रोच्चारणकालव्यवहितयोर्वर्णयो द्रुततरोच्चारणं सन्धिः। अतएव श्लोकार्धयोर्मन्त्रार्धयोर्वा न सन्धिः। अर्धमात्रोच्चारणकालव्यवधानस्योचितत्वात्. (Hāldar, Itihāsa p. 166).

33 (C.31; B.XIV.36). ¹ C. reads 33a, as वर्णक्रम सम्बन्धः पदसंयोगोऽन्वयसंधीयते.

34 (C.32; B.XIV.37). ¹ Reads saṁharat samāso'pi (B.) for saṁharanti saṁkṣepāt (C.).