नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

336 THE NATYASASTRA [ XIX. 8-

Addressing the Brahmin

5. The Brahmin is to be addressed as “noble one” (ārya),¹

Addressing the king

And the king [is to be addressed as “great king” (mahārāja).²

Addressing the teacher

The teacher [is to be addressed] as “professor” (ācārya).³

Addressing an old man

And an old man [is to be addressed] as “father” (tāta).⁴

Brahmins addressing the king

6. Brahmins may address the kings at their pleasure, by their names. This should be tolerated, for the Brahmins are to be adored by the kings.

Brahmins addressing ministers

7. A minister is to be addressed by Brahmins as “Councillor” (amātya) or “minister” (saciva),¹ and by other persons, inferior to them (i.e. Brahmins) he [is] always [to be addressed] as “sir” (ārya).²

Addressing the equals

8. One is to accost one’s equals by the name with which they are styled¹.

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seem to have been included in this term. Ag. reads nānāśrutadharaḥ and explains this as bahuśrutaḥ.

5 (C.5; B.XVII.69). ¹ Brahmin (Keśavadāsa) in Madhyama. addressed by Bhīma.

² Ex. Sumantra addressing Daśaratha (Pratimā, II), and Vibhīṣaṇa addressing Rāvaṇa (Abhiṣeka II).

³ Ex. Cāṇakya addressed by his disciple (Mudrā, I).

⁴ Ex. Bharata addressing Sumantra the old charioteer (Pratimā, VI).

6 (C.6; B.XVII.70). ¹ Ex. Indra disguised as a Brahmin addressing Karṇa (Karṇa.), Cf. Cāṇakya addressing Candragupta mostly as Vṛṣala (or Śūdra) in Mudrā.

7 (C.7; B.XVII.71). ¹ No example of this rule seems to be available in any extent drama. See note 2 below.

² Ex. The door-keeper (pratīhārī) addressing Yaugandharāyaṇa (Pratijñā, I.). But curiously enough Rākṣasa has been addressed not as ‘Ārya’ but as ‘Amātya’ (counciller) by the door-keeper, and by his friend Virādhagupta too he is addressed likewise (Mudrā, II).

8 (C.8; B.XVII.72). ¹ Ex. Cāṇakya addressing Rākṣasa and vice versa (Mudrā, VII.).