नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

388 THE NATYASASTRA [ XIX. 12-

Addressing an ascetic or a person with beatitude

An ascetic or a person who has attained beatitude (praśānta) is to be addressed as "blessed one" (sādho)$^2$.

Addressing princes

12. The crown-prince is to be addressed as "sire" (svāmin),$^1$ and othar princes as "young master" (bhartṛ-dāraka)$^2$.

Addressing inferior persons

Inferior persons are to addressed as "pleasing one" (saumya)$^3$, "auspicious-looking one" (bhadra-mukha)$^4$ and such terms should be preceded by 'O' (he)$^5$.

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disciples of Kāśyapa (Kaṇva) and Gautamī tapasvinaḥ (Śak.V. 11. 6).
$^2$ The word sādhu as a form of address does not seem to occur in any extant drama.

12 (C.12; B.XVII.76). $^1$ No example of this rule seems to be available in any extant drama. On the other hand svāmin is very often used in addressing a king. Ex. Yaugandharāyaṇa addressing the king Udayana (Svapna. VI. 17.1). Kauñjāyana and Bhūtika addressing the king Kuntibhoja (Avi. I. 5.3; 8.5). On the use of the word svāmin in inscriptions see Sylvain Lévi, Journal Asiatique, Ser. 9, XIX.95ff. I. Ant. Vol. XXXIII. p. 163. Sītā's maid addresses Rāma as bhaṭṭā (Pratimā. I. 9.2). The door-keeper (pratīhārī) refers to the crown-prince Rāma as bhaṭṭidā-raassa rāmassa (Pratimā. I. 2.9). and not as sāmiassa rāmassa,

$^2$ The word has been used with reference to the crown prince in Pratimā. (loc. cit. I). In referring to other princes play-wrights use the word kumāra. In Pratimā. (III. 14.12) Bharata has been addressed with this term. In Mudrā. (IV. 12.5) Malayaketu has been addressed similarly. Avimāraka, the lover of Kuraṅgī is addressed as bhaṭṭidāraa by her maid (Avi. III. 17 2).

$^3$ This use of the term saumya does not seem to occur in extant drama, and bhadra appears to have taken its place, e.g. Bharata addressing the messenger (bhaṭa) in Pratimā (III.4.2). Duṣyanta addresses his chief of the army (senāpati) similarly (Śak. II. 5.4).

$^4$ Ex. Rākṣasa's spy (puruṣa) addressing his door-keeper (Mudrā. IV. 8.2). In Abhi, (VI. 31.1) Agni (god of fire) addresses Rāma as bhadra-mukha though earlier, (VI. 26.7) he says : na me namaskāraṁ kartuṁ arhati deveśaḥ. The Jester addresses the caṇḍālas as bho bhaddamuha (Mṛcch. X. 23.3).

$^5$ It does not seem to occur before these terms in any extant drama.