नाट्यशास्त्रम् (प्रथम भाग - अभिनवभारती एवं हिन्दी टीका सहित)

514 THE NATYASASTRA [ XXVII. 20-

(ātman)², and from an enemy (para)³. Sometimes a fourth variety of it is what comes up due a portentuous calamity.

Blemishes from gods

20. Blemishes from gods are : [strong] wind, fire, rains, fear from an elephant or a serpent, stroke of lightning, appearance of ants, insects, ferocious and other animals.

Blemishes from an enemy

21. Blemishes created by an enemy¹ are : all round screaming, buzzing (visphoṭita), noisy clapping, throwing of cowdung, clods of earth, grass and stones [in the place of performance].

22. Blemishes created by an enemy¹ are considered by the wise to be due to jealousy, hostility [to the party injured], or being partial [to the party's enemy], or receiving bribe from the latter (arthabheda)².

23. Blemishes resulting from portents (autpātika) are those due to earthquake, storm, the falling of meteors and the like¹.

Self-made Blemishes

I shall now describe Blemishes arising from the actors themselves (ātma-samuttha).

24-25. Un-naturalness [in the acting], wrong movement [of the actors], unsuitability of a role [to an actor] (vibhūmikatva)¹, loss

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² Their acts of ommission or commission are these Blemishes. See below 24-25.
³ See below 21-22.
20 (C. K. same).
21 (C. K. same). ¹ The rival groups of actors who contested for rewards from their patrons, became enemies to one another ; see below 72ff.
² This kind of improper and dishonest acts sometimes occurs also now-a-days in meetings supporting candidates from rival political parties. Human psychology has not much changed since the NŚ. was compiled more than sixteen hundred years ago.
22 (C. K. same). See above 20 note 2.
²It seems that the leaders of actors did not scruple even to bribe individual spectators to gain their ends.
23 (C. K. same). ¹ It is possible that due to superstitious fear arising from an appearance of these natural phenomena confusion occurred during the performance.
24-25 (C.24,25b-26, K.24-25). ¹ Ag. (p. 509) explain this as anya-bhūmikocita-svatva-śrī-ca (?) svīkāra.