वेदों की प्राचीनता एवं काल-निर्णय / ओरायन (लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक - खगोलीय वैदिक शोध)

MONTHS AND SEASONS. 167 the Navagvas are said to have completed their sacrifices in ten months. Sâyaṇa's explanation is, therefore, fully war- ranted by these texts, and very probably it is based on some traditional information about the Dashagvas. Prof. Lig- nana of Rome,* suggests that the numerals navan and dashan in these names should be taken as referring to the period of gestation, as the words nava-mâhya and dasha-mâhya occur in the Vendidad, V, 45, (136), in the same sense. Thus interpreted Navagva would mean 'born of nine months,' and Dashagva 'born of ten months.' But this explanation is highly improb- able, inasmuch as we cannot first suppose that a number of persons were born prematurely in early times, and secondly that it was specially such persons that attained almost divine honours. The usual period of gestation is 280 days or ten lunar months (V, 78, 9), and those that were born a month earlier cannot be ordinarily expected to live long or to perform feats which would secure them divine honours. The reference to the Vendidad proves nothing, for there the case of a still- born child after a gestation of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 months is under consideration, and Ahura Mazda enjoins that the house where such a still-born child is brought forth should be cleaned and sanctified in a special way. Prof. Lignana's explanation again conflicts with the Vedic texts which say that the Dashagvas were ten in number (III, 39, 5), or that the Navagvas sacrificed only for ten months (V, 47, 5). Sâyaṇa's explanation is, therefore, the only one entitled to our acceptance. I may here mention that the Ṛig- Veda (V, 47, 7 and 11) speaks of ten months' sacrifice only in connection with the Navagvas, and does not mention any sac- rifice of nine months. But the etymology of the names now helps us in assigning the ten months' sacrifice to the Dashagvas and

• See his Essay in the Proceedings of the 7th International Con- gress of the Orientalists, pp. 59-68.