पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

XVIII PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ our manuscripts are used in this edition too. Herein occur a number of emendations which are sometimes put within brackets, but sometimes without brackets. Often the emendations are wilder than those of Thibaut-Sudhakar Dvivedi. E. External testimonia. About 125 Pañcasiddhāntikā verses have been identified as quoted in later texts, the largest number thereof, 117 being in the commentary of Utpala of Kashmir (A.D. 966) on the Bṛhatsaṃhitā of Varāhamihira. Other authors who quote from the PS are Pṛthūdaka- svāmin (A.D. 854), Makkibhaṭṭa (14th cent.), Parameśvara of Kerala (1360-1460), Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji, (b. 1443), again of Kerala, and Sūryadevayajvan (b. 1191) of Tamilnadu, in South India. These PS quotations are taken as External Testimonia and the variants found in such readings have been noticed in the footnotes with 'E' prefixed to the abbreviations of authors/works which quote the verses. These sources are : E. Jy. Jyotirmīmāṃsā of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji. E.M. Makkibhaṭṭa's Com. on the Siddhāntaśekhara of Śrīpati. E.N. Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji's Bhāṣya on the Āryabhaṭīya. E.Pa. Parameśvara's com. on the Āryabhaṭīya. E.Pr. Pṛthūdakasvāmin's com. on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta of Brahmagupta. E.S. Sūryadevayajvan's com. on the Āryabhaṭīya. E.U. Utpala's com. on the Bṛhatsaṃhitā of Varāhamihira. Pingree has adopted this method of referring to external testimonia, and we have followed him in the matter. In fact, we have been much benefitted by his identifications and our labour relates only to texts which have not been noticed by him. On the provenance of PS, Pingree states that : "So far there is no indisputable evidence that the Pañcasiddhāntikā was known outside of an area roughly corresponding to the modern states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, the Punjab, Kashmir, and West Pakistan. "However, some verses from the text are quoted by fifteenth century Kerala astronomers of the dṛggaṇita school in their commentaries on the Āryabhaṭīya. Thus Parameśvara (c. 1380-1460) cites a verse, and Nīlakaṇṭha (b. 1443) several others. It is noteworthy that all four verses that they quote are also found in Utpala's commentary on the Bṛhatsaṃhitā, which was known in Kerala; it is not proved, then that they had a copy of the Pañcasiddhāntikā." (Intro- duction p. 17). Pingree's assertion as above is not correct for the reason that Kerala and South Indian astronom- ers quote not only the said four verses occurring in Utpala's commentary, but five more PS verses which do not occur in Utpala's commentary, they being PS, I.3, 4 by Nīlakaṇṭha in his Jyotir- mīmāṃsā, the verses saṅkhyā tu teṣām and yāny ataḥ prati again by Nīlakaṇṭha in his Āryabhaṭīya-bhāṣya IV.10 and PS XIII.36 by Sūryadevayajvan in his Āryabhaṭīyavyākhyā. (See below App. II: Index of PS verses quoted by later astronomers). This would mean that PS should have been prevalent in South India also. Recording of Variant readings Textual variants recorded in footnotes in the present edition are restricted to be above-said mate- rial listed under A, B, C, D and E. Some of the PS verses have, indeed been studied by scholars but emendations and variants occurring in these studies have not been recorded here mainly for the