पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

182 PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ VIII.3 (iii) The intervals of equation of the centre are 34' 42", 33' 55", 30' 2", 24' 10", 14' 16" and 6' 18". These are subtractive in the given order in the first quadrant of anomaly, additive in the reverse order in the second quadrant, additive in the given order in the third quadrant, and subtractive in the reverse order in the fourth quadrant. (iv) True Sun = (i) + (iii) Example 1. Compute the true Sun, for the moment, 59 days from Epoch. (i) Mean Sun = (59 × 150 - 65) ÷ 54,787 = rāśi 1-27-44. (ii) Mean anomaly = rāśi 1-27-44 - rāśi 2-15-0 = rāśi 11-12-44. (iii) The equation of the centre = -34' 42" -33' 55" -30' 2" -24' 10" - 14' 16" -6' 18" +6' 18" +14' 16" +24' 10" +30' 2"+33' 55" +34' 42" +34' 42" +33' 55" +30' 2" +24' 10" +14' 16" +6' 18" -6' 18" -14' 16" -24' 10" -30' 2" -33' 55" × 12° 44' ÷ 15° (= -28' 47") = +39' 50". (An examination of work (iii) will suggest how to get the total easily). (iv) Adding to the mean Sun, True Sun = rāśi 1-27-44 +40' = rāśi 1-28-24. It must be noted that this is at mean sunset at Yavanapura. The rule for the mean Sun can be derived from the constants given or derivable from I. 15. There it was shown in the Notes that in the Romaka yuga consisting 2850 solar years, there are 10,40,953 civil days. Thus, as the solar year is the period of revolution of the Sun, the number of revolutions, say in x days, is = x × 2850 ÷ 10,40,953 = x × 150 ÷ 54,787, as given. As for thè deductive constant, 65, we infer that according to the Romaka, 65/150 days after epoch the mean Sun was a full revolu- tion, but we cannot verify this, the original Romaka being lost. But it must agree with the relevant constant in I.10, and we have shown in the Notes there that it indeed does. We have also shown there that this mean Sun is tropical, and not sidereal. This is peculiar to the Romaka. The Sun's apogee given as rā. 2-15-0 is what the Romaka must have found by observation and computation, and we have to take it as it is. Actually, the apogee was at rā. 2-17-19 at epoch. As for the intervals of the equation of the centre, the Siddhānta is right in giving them in accor- dance with the anomaly. But the values are slightly different from what they will be if the correct terms, a sin θ + b sin 2 θ, has been used. Therefore, either the Romaka gives only empirical values obtained from observation, like the Pauliśa, or the Romaka like the Sūrya Siddhānta etc., apply an equation on the epicycle itself. Any deviation from this may be due to scribal errors. Taking the sum

1. Quoted by Utpala on BS 2.p.40 1a. A1. सूया; A2. सूर्यो c. A.B.C.D. तत्क्रम b. A.B1.C.D. तिथ्यन्तात्; B2.3. द्वांच. d. A.B. दल; C. दलात्. B. ॰तेकस्य A.B. परीहीणान्न 3b. A.B. हीना भाविंशतिहीना (B. विंशतिहीना) c. B. ॰ष्टकमापत ते C. ॰न्मुभिर्विंशतिहीना:. D. ॰न्मु[वि] हीना च विंशतिर्हिता d. A.B. ॰द्ध (B. धृ) तान्मध्येमा: || U. मध्यमः सूर्यः c. A1. धृत; A2. धृति 2a. A. स्फूटकरणं; B. स्फुरठकरणं d. B. धृतिष्ठ॰ b. A.B. स्वकेन्दु. B. भवनाद्धम् - सं॰ A.B. कलाद्विरकिला (B2. ॰रकला)