पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

218 PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ IX.19 Fig. IX. 2 afternoon in the example given to illustrate which the figure is drawn). HQ is the right ascension corresponding to the segment of the ecliptic sM, which is found from the time to or from noon, by using the ascensional differences at the equator. (In the figure the time is afternoon.) sr is the longitude of the Sun at new moon. Mr the longitude of m.e.p. = sr - sM, as stated for afternoon. Clearly, for forenoon, s being east of M, Mr = sr + Ms, as instructed. MQ is the declination of M, (north in the fig.) ZQ is the latitude. MZ is the zenith distance. MZ = MQ - ZQ (in the fig.), i.e. when north declination is greater than the latitude, the latitude is subtracted from it, and the zenith distance is north. If M had been between Z and Q, then the north declination would be less than the latitude, and MZ would be equal to ZQ - MQ, and south. In the case when M is south of Q i.e. when the declination of M is south, it is clear that the zenith distance, MZ = MQ + QZ, and it is south, as stated. It is to bring in all the above three cases that we interpreted akṣaviyuta in two ways, 'subtracting the latitude', and 'subtracting from the latitude'. But TS and NP take only the latter case, with the result that the former case is shut off. In verse 17, NP has corrected madhyārka as madhyāhna, which is not essential. The defect in the second quarter of verse 17 has been rectified here by the addition of the letter kṣa as ranak(ṣa)rāśyudgamaiḥ, anakṣa meaning nirakṣa or zero latitude, to give the sense required here. TS emends it as nirakṣa in the same sense and NP as rantararāśyudgamaiḥ. [रविदृक्क्षेपः] तिथ्यन्तविल(ग्र)ज्या काष्ठान्तज्याहता स्वलम्बहता । मध्यज्याघ्नी व्यासाऽर्धभाजिता वर्गिता सा च ॥ १९ ॥