पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

246 PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ XII.5 Example 3(b). Given the 'days' 1722, find when the vyatīpāta falls. 1722 × 12 ÷ 305 = 67 229/305, i.e. 67 vyatīpātas have gone, from the beginning of the yuga. The remainder is 229. Dividing by 12, we get 19-5, days etc. gone from last vyatīpāta. Subtracting from 305, and dividing by 12, we get days etc. 6-20, to go for the middle of the next vyatīpāta, i.e, it will be falling at 20 nāḍīs on Kārttika Kṛṣṇa-dvitīyā. The correction of the reading here is easy to understand. Of TS, the latter says some farfetched thing as the meaning of the first part of this verse, which seems meaningless to me, and the former without saying anything himself, refers us to the Sanskrit commentary, evidently not understanding it himself. In explaining the Vyatīpāta, their use of the one forming the seventeenth of the series Viṣkambha etc., can serve no purpose in the present case. The same confusion is seen also in NP (see Pt II.p.82). We have already shown that the series itself did not exist at the period of Varāhamihira. [अहर्मानम्] (गतमयनादुत्तरतो) (द्यूनां) (गन्तव्य)मपि च याम्यस्य । (द्विघ्नं) 'शशिरस'भक्तं द्वादश(सहितं) दिवसमानम् ॥ ५ ॥ Duration of a day 5. Take the days gone in the Uttarāyaṇa, i.e. the northward course of the Sun, and the days to go in the Dakṣiṇāyana, i.e. the southward course. Multiply by two, divide by 61, and add 12. The duration of the day time (in muhūrtas) is got. Though the text is very corrupt here, since we know that the duration of daytime is given here, and that as mentioned in the Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, many words occurring in that work being recognisable here, we have succeeded in reconstructing the verse using the letters found in the text, though not to our entire satisfaction. But there is no doubt about the idea intended to be conveyed, viz. that of VJ (verse 22 of the Ṛgveda version and verse 40 of the Yajurveda version). But TS and NP, in order to retain the expression dvādaśāhinam, read into the text many impossible things and make several emendations not caring even for the metre. The rule given is thus explained: According to this Siddhānta the shortest day is 12 muhūrtas, at the end of the southward course and the beginning of the northward at Winter solstice, and the longest is 18 muhūrtas at the end of the northward course and the beginning of the southward, at Summer solstice. Each course has 183 days, and the increase or decrease of daytime is considered uniform. Therefore, since there is an increase of 6 muhūrtas from 12 in the 183 days of the north- ward course, the increase for a desired number of days (counted from the beginning) is: days gone × 6 ÷ 183 = days gone × 2 ÷ 61. So, the duration is 12 + days gone × 2 ÷ 61. Taking the south- ward course, it is 12 muhūrtas at the end, proportionately greater, the earlier is the day, the increase being 6 in 183 days, at the beginning of the course. Therefore, during the southward course, the duration is 12 + the days to go in the course × 2 ÷ 61. It is to be noted that the author has not said 5a. A.B. धृतिरनयाद्युत्तरयो (B1.3. ॰त्तरयो); C. खमितमेष्य दिनमपि याम्यायनस्य C. द्व्यग्निगोष्ट्ररतः; D. [सत्रि] धृति [च] रणध्यु [मु] त्तरगे D. त्वगतद्युमपि च याम्यस्थे b. A. खमृणं तद्यमपि च याम्यस्य; c. A. द्विग्नं; B. द्विग्रं B. भक्तं B. सू (B3. ख) मृणं गतद्यमपि च याम्यास्य; d. A.B.C.D. द्वादशहीनं