पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

284 PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ XV.7 At $M_1$ position P (Pitṛs) just begin to get sunlight. It is sunrise to them. At $M_2$ it is midday, with Sun abovehead. At $M_3$ daylight ends and darkness begins. At $M_4$, it is midnight for the Pitṛs. On the earth, $M_2$ is new moon, $M_3$ mid-light fortnight, $M_4$ is full moon, and $M_1$ mid-dark fortnight. Thus, full moon on earth is midnight for the Pitṛs, the whole night being the eclipsed time. Note that the Pitṛs are supposed to dwell in the region opposite, along the line of sight of the Moon. Note also that the synodic month forms the whole day for the Pitṛs, full moon being mid- night and new moon being mid-day. Note again that the explanation above can hold good only if the Moon shows the same face to the Sun, as it really does. The Hindu astronomers held the same view, without any conception of it, for they held this view in the case of every planet. TS are [L1