पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

XVIII.3 XVIII. VĀSIṢṬHA-PAULIŚA – RISING AND SETTING 313 174 days after epoch, Venus rises heliacally in the west. We have emended munijala as jalamuni because 147 will not agree with the longitude of Venus at rising given as 5ʳ 26°. If Venus is 5ʳ 26°, the sun must be 5ʳ 18°, to satisfy the 8° given for Venus's heliacal risng in verse 58. But since at epoch the sun is in the neighbourhood of 358°, it can be only near 4ʳ 25° after 147 days, i.e., 38° from Venus. After 174 days from epoch, the Sun would be near 169° according to the Vāsiṣṭha- Pauliśa. (Vide my paper ‘The epoch of the Romaka etc.’, Indian Journal of History of Science, 13 (1978) ii. 155-58). This gives the elongation as 7° instead of the required 8°. But this small discrepancy can be put to an accumulated error in computing from the original. TS have not felt the need for this emendation because they have emended kanyāṃśān into kālāṃśān and omitted the necessary kṣepa viz. the constant equal to 5ʳ 26°, for beginning the motion. They have not understood the meaning of the word kālāṃśān which they have brought in. It is the same as the 8° mentioned above, for Venus. NP have interpreted kanyāṃśān correctly. But since they have kept 147 days to be deducted intact, they find a serious discrepancy expressed by them on page 124 of Part II. However, they derive satisfaction from the fact that the September 10th position of the sun would agree with the time of Venus's rising and their longitudes. This at least must have shown them that the rising takes place only more than 20 days later. They have made all sorts of unnecessary emendations, but they have failed to do this necessary one. We can infer from the instruction to add an eleventh of the quotient, that one synodic revolution takes 583 10/11 days. In this period the sun has moved 1 revolution 7ʳ 5° 30′ 20″ and Venus, 2 revolutions 7ʳ 5° 30′ 20″. From this we can infer that the sun takes 365-15-25 days for a sidereal revolution. From the methods given for the other planets also we can see that the sidereal period of the sun used is c. 365-15-30, which is an evidence for the system given here being connected with the Pauliśa also, as in the case of the Moon. TS have unnecessarily emended bhogāḥ into bhāgāḥ and taking sārdhāḥ to mean ‘together with’, instead of ‘with half’, have given a motion of 7ʳ 5° 20′ per synodic period. They are unaware that this would make the sidereal year c. 365-22 days, so wrong. The error of 10′ 20″ in Venus would accumulate by 1° every nine years. NP interpret sārdhāḥ correctly, but take guṇāptaiḥ to mean ‘with 1/3 degree’ and given 7ʳ 5° 50′, which would make the sun's sidereal year c. 365-3-0, so very wrong. By this the error in Venus would accumulate by 1° in every 5 years. Next the days for segments of motion in the synodic cycle are given by verses 3-5. षष्टि[र]येण ῾वेदाग्नि-यम-᾿युतामंशसप्ततिं भुङ्क्ते | (अर्था)ष्ट[कैर्द्वा] (त्रिंशतं) विंश(त्या) [वि]त्रिभिः सपा(दार्थान्)᾽ || ३ ||

1. A.B.C.D.मुनिजल (B. जाल). A.B. चंद्रा 2a. A.D. कन्यांशाः; B. कन्याशाः;. C. कालांशाः b. B. ॰ष्टमूत. A2. दूत corrected to हत; B. हत B. षड्वति c. A. शुक्रेन्द्या. C. गुणांशौ:; D. गुणांशाः b. A1. यात्पदयं; A2. यात्पदयं d. A. सार्द्धा; B. सार्धा c. B. उदैका. C.D. भागं B1.3. पंचलिनो; B2. पञ्चालिनो. C. भागाः; d. A.C. सतस्ताराः;. D. ततश्चवारः D. भोगः