पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

I.18 I. INTRODUCTION OF THE WORK 19 Manda) is the Lord of the year (in which the taken day falls) (i.e. If Q is the quotient taken, the number to be divided out by 7 is equal to (Q + 1) × 3 – 2). Example 5. The days from Epoch is 3479. Give the Lord of the year. Adding the kṣepa to the days given, 3479 + 2227 = 5706. Dividing out by 2520, the remainder is 666. Dividing this by 360, the quotient obtained is 1. (1 + 1)3 – 2 = 4. The fourth from the Sun, Budha is the Lord of the year. The processes mentioned here are explained thus: At the moment 2227 days before Epoch, beginning Sunday, the days for calculating the Lord of the year etc. began and, as for the first day from that point of time, for the first month and the first year also beginning from that moment, the Lord was the Sun. To find these Lords for any time, the days from this point must be found and as the Epoch is 2227 days from this point, the days required are got by adding 2227 to the days from Epoch. For the purpose of calculating the Lord of the Year, the sāvana year comprising 360 days is used by our author and the Lord of the first day of the sāvana year is the Lord of the year. In the same way, to calculate the Lord of the month, the sāvana month of 30 days is used, the Lord of the first day of the month being the Lord of the month also. Now, as 2520 is the least common multiple of 360, 30 and 7, after each period of 2520 days, these Lords are repeated in the same order. Hence the instruction to divide the days out by 2520 and take the remainder alone. This remainder is set in 3 places to find the Lords of the year, the month and the day. Taking the remainder of the days, the Lord of the first year is that of the first day, the Lord of the second year is that of the first day in the next year, i.e. of the 361st day, i.e. that of the (358 + 3)th day, i.e. that of the day three days after; the Lord of the year next to that is that of the day 6 days after that of the first and so on. Thus, the Lord of the nth year is that of (n – 1)3 + 1, i.e. that of n × 3 – 2. If Q is the number of years gone, then n = Q + 1, and the Lord is that of (Q + 1) 3 – 2, which is the rule given. As the same Lord is repeated by the addition of multiples of 7, by casting out 7 we get the same and hence the instruction to cast out seven and take the remainder alone. Dividing the days into sāvana years and giving the Lord of the first day of the year as the Lord of the year is peculiar to our author. For others the Lord of the first day of the saura year and for yet others that of Caitra Śukla Pratipad is the Lord of the year. Some give two Lords. There is a flaw in the derivation of this rule by M.M. Sudhakara Dwivedi (vide page 6 of his Com- mentary). It has been hidden by another mistake made by him, viz., adopting the reading ‘aṅghri’ (= 2) but using the reading ‘abdhi’ (= 4) in the derivation. The reading pratirāśca is really pratirāśya. Both NP and TS take the reading pratirāśi and moreover, S gives it the incorrect meaning śeṣam, ‘re- mainder’. 17-18. Quoted by Utpala on BS 2.2, pp. 30-31. 18b. A1.2. गुणान्यब्धि; B1. गुणान्याघ्रि; B2. गुणान्यङ्घ्रि; 17a. B2. गुनियम D.U. गुणान्यंश्चि c. A1.2. प्रतिराश्च; B1.2. गतिराश्च; C.D. प्रतिराशि A1.2. वर्जिता हरेत् A1.2. दहनै ल° c. e. शेषं d. A1.2. पाताति d. A1. वपाधिपतिः; A2. वषाधिपतिः; B1.2. वर्षाधिपति क्र°