पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

II.6 II. VĀSIṢṬHA-SIDDHĀNTA 33 have been written 1600 years earlier. If there is not the kṣepa, the difference is 37°, an impossible thing, not to speak of the assumption that it is for Yavanapura sunset and there is no kṣepa, both together which will make the difference 45° and worse. Hence the Vāsiṣṭha epoch is definitely at sunrise at Ujjain and not at sunset at Yavanapura (Alexandria). We have shown the kṣepa necessary. But TS have emended kalāḥ dviguṇaghanāḥ, śaśi-muni- navayamāś ca rāśyādyāḥ (verse 3) into phalaṁ dviguṇaghanāḥ śaśi-muni-yama-hṛtāś ca rāśyādyāḥ and spoiled the already correct reading and introduced two extra syllables in the last foot, which spoils the āryā metre too. (It must be noted that already there are 16 mātrās in the last foot, i.e. one mātrā extra, which can be explained away or corrected by reading rāśyādyāh as rāśyādi.) One another point: TS have expressed their inability either to interpret II.6 or to explain why 6ʳ 0° 4′ is to be added for a half-gati (vide Com, page 9). But still thinking II.6 gives the pure equation of the centre, the commentary goes on: arthāt vedārkālpa-padeṣu ṛṇam, adhikeṣu dhanam iti buddhimad- bhiḥ svayam eva ūhyam, i.e. “It goes without saying that when the padas are less than 124, the result is subtractive, and when more it is additive”, which is wrong for we have seen that the result of both the formulae are additive. Moreover, the failure, both by TS and NP, to realise that the expression ‘rāśyādyāḥ’ specifically instructs that the digits in śaśimuninavayama are to be taken as ‘beginning from rāśi’, i.e. as 1ʳ 7° 29′ and not as a whole number 2971 (TS) or as “2ʳ 9;7, 1⁰” (NP) have led to incorrect interpretations by them; also, the Notes of NP (vol. II, pp. 16-19) and the deductions made (p.19) have to be revised in the light of all that has been stated above. [नक्षत्र-तिथी] श (श्यर्ध)दलं त्रिकृतिघ्नमृक्षमंश(स्थि)ता मुहूर्ताः स्युः । व्यर्केन्दुदलं विषयाऽऽहतं तिथिस्तद्गदेवोक्तः ॥ ७ ॥ Nakṣatra and Tithi 7. Divide the True Moon by 4 and multiply by 9. What we get in the rāśi column is the nakṣatra. What is got in the degree column are the muhūrtas. Deduct the true Sun from the true Moon, divide the result by 2 and multiply by 5. Tithis are got in the rāśi column and thirtieths of tithis in the degree column. As the 27 nakṣatra-segments are divided into the 12 rāśi - segments, there are 2¼ = 9/4 nakṣatras per rāśi. Hence the instruction to divide the rāśis by 4 and multiply by 9 to get the nakṣatras. As degrees are thirtieths of rāśis, the resulting numbers in the degree column are thirtieths of nakṣatras, called muhūrtas by this Siddhānta. It must be noted that the word muhūrta originally meant the 30th part of a nakṣatra, but later came to be applied to the 30th part of a day as well, because both are practically the same in duration. The interval of longitude between the Sun and the Moon is the tithi, 12° forming one tithi, i.e. there are 2½ = 5/2 tithis per rāśi. Hence the instruction to divide the rāśis by 2 and multiply by 5 to get the tithis. 7a. A. शशादलं; B. शशखदमन्तिर b. A. मंशस्थिता; B. ॰मक्ष (B3. मक्षु) -मंशास्थिता d. A. तिथिस्तंद्॰