पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

III.3 III. PAULIŚA-SIDDHĀNTA 41 In short, these twelve quantities are intervals of the equation of the centre for every rāśi of the kendra, the word being used in a peculiar sense here, and not the usual one of mean anomaly. The faulty readings, munyakṛti, muptakṛta is corrected as mutkṛti, meaning 26, and thereby the excess of one syllable in the foot also gets corrected. TS and NP have emended it as makṣakṛti, meaning 25, which, by its form, seems to be less likely to be the original, and which keeps the defect of the excess of one syllable. Example 1. (a) Find the true Sun for days from Epoch 690. (b) Compute the true Sun at Epoch. (a) Multiplying the days 690 by 120 and deducting 33, we have, 690 × 120 − 33 = 82,767. Dividing by 43,831, the revolution got is 1 and remainder 38,936. Multiplying this by 12 and dividing by 43,831, the rāśis got is 10. The remainder is 28,922, which multiplied by 30 and divided by the same divisor, gives degrees 19. The remainder 34,871 multiplied by 60 and divided by the same divisor gives 48 minutes. Thus the mean Sun is, omitting revolutions, rā. 10-19-48. Kendra = Mean Sun + 20° = rā. 10-19-48 + 20° = rā. 11-9-48. For 11 full rāśis of kendra and 9° 48' of the 12th, the minutes to be applied are, −11, −48, −69, −70, −54, −26, +10, +48, +70, +71, +54, +25 × 9° 48'/30°, which added together is − 17. Applying this to the mean Sun, the true Sun is 10ʳ 19° 48' − 17' = 10ʳ 19° 31'. (b) At Epoch the days are zero. Therefore 0 × 120 − 33' = −33. Mean Sun = −33/43,831 revolu- tions = −33 × 12 × 30 × 60/43,831 minutes = −16' = 11ʳ 29° 44', (since cycles of 12 rāśis can be added or omitted). Kendram = 11ʳ 29° 44' + 20° = 0ʳ 19° 44'. As no full rāśi or kendram is gone and there are 19° 44' in the first rāśi, the minutes to be applied are: − 11' × 19° 44'/30° = − 7'. The true Sun = 11ʳ 29° 44' − 7' = 11ʳ 29° 37'. It is to be noted that the word kendram here is not used in its usual sense in later astronomical works, as the mean anomaly (counted from the Higher Apsis) which is obtained by deducting the longitude of the higher apsis from the mean planet. In fact, the use of the expression in modern western astronomy itself is different in the sense that the anomaly is obtained by subtracting the lower apsis or perigee from the mean planet. The Sūrya Siddhānta instructs that the kendram is to be obtained by deducting the mean planet from the higher apsis which is equal to the kendram given by others, subtracted from 12 rāśis. Thus the common characteristic of these different kendras is that it is used as the argument for the equation of the centre and in this sense its use is appropriate here also. So we can take it that the mean Sun itself is used as the argument in the table, the values being given for the intervals 340° − 10°, 10° − 40°, 40° − 70°, 70° − 100°etc. instead of 0° − 30°, 30° − 60°, 60° −90°, 90° − 120° etc. (vide Table)

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3. Quoted by Utpala on BS 2, p.40. | b. B. श्ययुक्ता च 1a. A. हताशन | c. A1. मुन्यकृतिश्च; A2. मुन्यकृतीश्च; B. मुप्तकृतश्च; b. A. मथास्य. A1. वसुताश | C.D. मक्षकृतिश्च c. A. हत्वा; B1.2. हचा; B3. हवा. A. क्रमादितेशो; | d. A. समा B3. क्रमादिनेशो | 3a. A1. दसष०. A1. D. सप्ततिः d. B1. सर्विशांश; D. सविंशांशः | c. B. haplographical omission of सप्तति. 2a. B2. दशाष्ठ | A.B. तिनैका