सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

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the slowest motion there. So this point A₂ is termed Mandoccha, Manda because it is point where the planet is slowest and Uccha because it is the highest or the farthest point from the Earth’s centre. Corresponding to this Mandoccha in the eccentric circle A₁ is termed the Uccha in the mean circle. Also p the point where E₁M₂ the line joining the Earth’s centre to the actual planet and called the Mandakarna, cuts the mean orbit is taken to be the position where the apparent planet is situ- ated. Thus ‘p’ is seen to be deflected from the mean planet M₁ towards the Mandoccha on which account the Mandoccha is considered to be attracting the planet “ उच्चोद्याःकर्षको भवति ” as Bhāskara puts it. The angle A₂Ê₂M₂ is spoken of as the Manda-Kendra or the mean anomaly and it is equal to Z₂Ê₂M₂ – Z₂Ê₂A₂ = longi- tude of the planet minus the longitude of the Mandoccha, where E₁Z₁ and the parallel E₂Z₂ are directions towards the Zero-Point of the Zodiac. This accounts for the statement ‘मन्दूच्चेन हीनो ग्रहो मन्दकेन्द्रम्’ (of the verse under elucidation) i.e. the excess of the longitude of the planet over that of the Mandoccha is termed Mandakendra. While M₁ is termed the Madhya-graha in the mean orbit, M₂ is termed the prativritta-Madhyagraha, and not spaṣṭagraha as might be deemed, while p is spoken of as the spaṣṭagraha or the True planet or apparent position of the planet. The word Prativritta stands for the eccentric circle. Now M₁P the difference between the mean and True positions is spoken of as the Mandaphala which corresponds to