सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

167 ie. if rR (U - V) > Rr (V - U). U - V is + ve and equal to V - U. So the positive velocity at S' of the planet will be equal to its negative or retrograde velocity at C. A quan- tity assuming values K, O, - K,O,K must have a value numerically less than K in between. Thus the velocity direct or retrograde at any point of the orbit is less than the numerical value of the velocity at S' and C. Verse 41. Retrograde motion. The planets Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn will be retrograde when the Sīghra anomaly assumes values 163, 145, 125, 165 and 113 respectively and the direct motion again ensues at (360 - 163), (360 - 145), (360 - 125), 360 - (165) and (360 - 113) respectively. Comm. Since we have had the formula VI cos m = - ( (rU + Rv) / (rV + RU) ) for stationary points, noting that cos (180 - θ) = - cos θ = cos (180 + θ) the stationary points are symmetrically situated with respect to S' of figures 11 and 12. As mentioned before substitut- ing the values of U, V, r, R for all the planets we can prove the veracity of Bhāskara's statement. Verse 42. Heliacal rising and setting of planets. Mars rises heliacally in the East by 28°, Jupiter by 14°, Saturn by 17° of Sīghra anomaly and set heliacally in the west by degrees which are the differences of the above and 360° respectively. Comm. The Sun's velocity being greater than that of the Superior planets, the Sun overtakes them so that they set in west and rise in the East. When these planets are