सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

253 From fig. 41, it is clear that there are two Koṇa- Śaṅkus at S₁ and S₂ during the forenoon and similarly two at S₁' and S₂' in the afternoon where S₁' and S₂' are the symmetrical points of S₁ and S₂. From fig. 42, it is clear that if Agrā < H sin 45° when δ is south, there will be one Koṇa-Śaṅku in the forenoon at S₁ and one in the afternoon at the symmetrical S₁'. Verses 31 and 32. H cos z at noon known as Dinārdha-Śaṅku. By 'northern hemisphere' it is meant that the Sun is in the northern hemisphere ie. his Sāyana longitude ie. modern longitude lies between 0° and 180°, and 'the southern hemisphere' means that the Sun's longitude lies between 180° and 360°. The direction of δ may be got from the above convention. The latitude and colatitude are always deemed as south and north respectively. The latitude and colatitude being 'added to subtracted from or being decreased by' as the case may be, the declination, we have the zenith-distance and the altitude of the celestial body at Noon. The zenith-distance and the altitude are mutually complements. Comm. In Hindu Astronomy the words “उत्तरगोले” “दक्षिणगोले” are very often used to connote that the Sun is on the north or the south of the celestial equator respec- tively, so that the declination could be automatically known to be north or south respectively. Regarding the latitude, the peculiarity in Hindu Astronomy is that what we call north latitude in modern astronomy is construed as south in as much as the celestial equator gets depressed south in northern latitudes. The colatitude SQ in fig. 41 on the other hand extends north from the south, so that, it is construed as north. The word 'Saṃskāra' is used in Hindu Astronomy in the meaning given above in the translation. Fo