सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

394 33 modern inches or angulas are equal to 80 angulas of Bhāskara as per the above. At this rate the gnomon's modern length would be just 5″.} Reverting to our subject, we are asked to represent the disc of 30 liptas when the eclipse takes place at noon by 30/3½ angulas counting at the rate of 3½ liptas per angula. Then the question arises as to what should be the correspondence between the liptas and angulas when the eclipse takes place in between the rise of the Moon (or Sun) and its noon. The directive is that one angula = 2½′ + (H cos z) / R = 2½ + cos z I This means, supposing Z=zenith-distance of the body to be 60°, one angula is to be taken to be equal to 2½ + cos 60 = 2½ + ½ = 3′ or 3 liptas. The reason given by Bhāskara reiterating what Sri- pati said in that behalf, as to why the Moon's or Sun's disc appears to be big at the moment of rising and small on the meridian, is that the disc is immersed in its own rays at noon and rendered small in appearance, whereas, most of the rays are swallowed by the earth or its atmos- phere at the moment of rising, making the disc appear large and easily visible. Note. Bhāskara gives the proof of the above formula I as follows. Since at the time of rise, we are taking 2½ liptas of the measure of the disc to be equal to one angula and while the disc is on the meridian, 3½ liptas are to be taken as one angula, there is an increase of one lipta for an increase of H cos z from zero at the horizon to a value equal to the Radius. So, the argument adduced is 'If for an increase of H cos z equal to the radius, there is an increase