वास्तु मण्डन (मण्डन सूत्रधार - गृह, राजप्रासाद, दुर्ग एवं नगर-वास्तु सटीक)

232 वास्तुमण्डनम् PLATE - 4 Ambarāgāra Ch. 5, Verse 4, (VM) Courtesy : Dr. Mitali Roy

233 Select Bibliography Author Work Acharya P.K. Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture, Treatise of Sanskrit Architectural terms with illustrative quotations from Silpaśāstra & archaeolo- gical record, Cosmos Publica-tions, Delhi- 1994 Illustration of Architectural & Sculptural objects with a synopsis, Oxford University Press, London-1927 Agarwala V.S. India as known to Panini; Study of the cultural material in the Aṣṭādhyāyī, University of Lucknow-1953 Evolution of the Hindu temple and other essays, Prithvi Prakashan, Varanasi-1965 Begde, V. Prabhakar Forts and Palaces of India, New Delhi-1982 Bharadwaj, H.C. Aspects of Ancient Indian Technology and research based on scientific methods, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi-1979 Bhat, M. Ramkrishna Bṛhatsaṁhitā of Varāhamihira, Vol. I, New Delhi-1992 Bhatt. S.C. The Encyclopaedic District Gazetteers of India in two volumes, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi-1997 Bhattacharya, Arupratan Ancient Indian Astronomical Terms and their Interpretations in the light of modern Astronomy, Subarnarekha, Kolkata-1987 Bhattacharya, Tarapada A study of Vāstuvidya or Cannons of Indian architecture., 3ʳᵈ revised enlarged edition, Cal

• K.L.M. 1986, First published-1947

234 वास्तुमण्डनम् Chakravarty Jayanta & Aspects of Indian art & culture, Calcutta - Bhattacharya D.C. 1983, (S.K. Saraswati commemoration volume). Chouhan Dr. T.S. Encyclopaedia of Rajasthan in Vol. I & II, Vigyan Prakasan, Jodhpur - 1996 Coomaraswamy Ananda K. Essays in Early Indian Architecture, Edited & with an Introduction by Michael W.Meister, IGNCA, Oxford University Press, - 1992 Cousen H. The architectural antiquites of western India, India Society, London - 1926 Dhaky M.A. & Meister Michael Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple (Jt. Ed.) Architecture : South India lower Drāviḍadeśa 200 B.C. - A.D. 1324. A.I.O.S. & Oxford University Press, Delhi -1983 Dorje.C and Dimri D.N Kumbhalgarh - the pride of Maharanas of Mewar, New Delhi-2008 Dutta B.B. Town Planning in Ancient India; Thacker, Spink & Co. , Calcutta-1925 Ghurye G.S. Rajput Architecture Popular Prakasan Bombay- 1968 Gode P.K. Studies in Indian Cultural History - Vol. I, V.V.R.I. Hoshiarpur-1961 Gode P.K. The manufacture and use of firearms in India between 1450 - 1850, Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, Vol. IX, Bombay-1948 Gulati S.P. Encyclopaedia of Rajasthan (VM), Rima Publishing house, New Delhi - 1992 Harle J.C. The art and architecture of the Indian subcontinent, Harmends worth, Penguin books - 1986 Joshi S.K. Defence Architecture in early Karnataka; Sundeep Prakashan, New Delhi - 1985 Kane P.V. History of Dharmasastra Vol. III (Ancient & Mediaeval Religion & Civil Law.)B.O.R.I., Poona - 1946 Kapoor Subodh The Indian Encyclopaedia Vol II, Cosmos Publications, New Delhi-2002

Select Bibliography 235 Kramrisch Stella The Hindu Temple, Calcutta University, Calcutta-1946 Kulkarni Raghunath Purushottam Prāsāda Maṇḍana of Sūtradhāra Maṇḍana (Ed.) (Sanskrit text and English translation with notes and glossary), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi-2005 Lahiri Kanak Lall West Bengal Forest, Centenary comme- moration volume, Kolkata - 1964 Mallaya N.V., (B.A.) Studies in Sanskrit treaties on Temple Architecture with special reference to Tantra samuccaya, Annamalai University Publication - 1949 Martinelli Antonio, Michell George The Royal Palaces of India, Thomas & Hudson Ltd., London - 1994 Michell George The Hindu Temple, An Introduction to its meaning and forms, B.I. Publications, Janpath, New Delhi - 1977 Mukherjee Girindranath History of Indian medicine from the earliest ages to the present time, Vol. III, Calcutta-1929 Raz Ram Essays on the architecture of the Hindus, John Williams Parker, London 1834 Roy A.K. History of the Jaipur City, New Delhi - 1978 Roy Amita Villages towns & secular buildings in ancient India, Calcutta - 1964 Sarkar Jadunath A History of Jaipur Orient Longman - 1984 Satyamurty K. Handbook of Indian Architecture; Ashish Publishing home, New Delhi Seal Brajendranath The positive sciences of the ancient Hindus, Delhi

• 1985 Shukla D.N. Vāstuśāstra (Hindu Science of Architecture) Vol. - I, Munshiram Monoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. N. Delhi - 1993 Shukla Lalit Kr. A study of Hindu art and architecture with special reference to terminology, Chowkh-amba publication, Varanasi-1972, (Chowkhamba Skt. Studies Vol. - LXXXII)

236 वास्तुमण्डनम् Srivastava A.L. Śilpaśrī:- Studies in Indian art & culture, Sundeep Prakashan, New Delhi-1990 Tillaton, G.H.R. The Rajput palaces, New Havel & Cenn London-1987 Torr Gray The architecture of the early western Calukyas, (Ph.D. Dissertation), University of California., Los Angeles - 1969 Turner R.L. A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo Aryan Language, Oxford University Press, London, 1966 William Gattbried Joanna The art of Gupta India, Empire & Province, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi - 1983 Bengali Guha Velavasini and Ahana Ṛgved O Naksatra. Gopa, Kolkata - 1967 Biswas Kalipada & Ghosh E. Kari Bhāratīya Banauṣadhi - 1 - 6 Volume, New edition, Calcutta University-1973 Sanskrit Agni Purāṇa (with Bengali Ed. By Pancanan Tarkaratna revised by translation) Śrijīva Nyayathirta, Navabharata Publisher, Kolkata (B.S. 1389) 1982-83 Amarakośa of Amarasinha with Ed. by Pandit Visnu Dutta Sharma, the commentary - Namachandrika Benkateshwar Steam Press, Bombay-1929 Aparājita Pṛchhā by Bhuvandeva Ed. by P.A. Mankad, General editor B. Bhattacharya, Oriental Institute, Baroda - 1950 Matsyapurāṇa (with Bengali Ed. By Pancanan Tarkaratna, Calcutta, translation) 1910 Prāsādamaṇḍana and Calcutta Sanskrit Series, Metropolitan Rājavallabhamaṇḍana Publishing house, Calcutta - 1948 Devata Mūtri Prakaraṇa and Ed. by Upendra Mohan Sāṅkhya Rūpamaṇḍana (Critically edited tīrtha with introduction by Haridas with notes and commentary) Mitra, Calcutta Sanskrit Series, No. 12,

Select Bibliography 237 Metropolitan Printing and Publishing house, Calcutta - 1936 Prāsādamaṇḍanam of (An Indian treatise on the construction Sūtradhāra Maṇḍana of temple Building.) with text translation and commentaries, ed. Dr. Shri Krishan Jugnu, Parimal Publications, Delhi-2005 Rājavallabhavāstuśāstram Ed. by Dr. Shri Krishan Jugnu, Parimal Publications, Delhi-2005 Samarāgaṇa Sūtradhāra by Ed. by Vasudev Saran Agarwal, Baroda, Maharajadhiraja of Dhāra or 1966 Bhoja, the Paramara ruler Sangitaraja by Rana Kumbha, Ed. by Premlata Sharma, Benaras Hindu Vol. I University Press, Benaras - 1963 Journals and articles

• Indian Historical quarterly, 1957, Vol. - XXX - III, (Some famous sculptors & architects of Mewar 15ᵗʰ Cent. A.D.), P. C. Agarwal
• Astrological Magazine, Vol. 87, no. 1 - 5, Jan. - May, 1998 ed. By B.V. Raman, Raman Publications, Bangalore
• Journal of American Oriental Society, Vol. 48-1928, pp. 250 - 275
• “Learning from old Jaipur”, an article written by Balkrishna Doshi and Muktirajsinhji Chauhan from VidyadharNagar Study cell, Ahmadabad-1987.
• “Some architectural conventions of Kerala”, an article written by K.R. Pishaorati in ‘The Cultural Heritage of India’, Volume VII, Part-I, Kolkata -2006
• Rupam (an illustrated quarterly journal of oriental art) ; ed. O.C. Ganguly. a. No. 5, 1921. b. No. 17-20, 1924 c. No. 25-28, 1926 d. No. 29-32, 1927 e. No. 35-36, 1928

238 वास्तुमण्डनम् Dictionary Śabdakalpadruma Ed. by Sri Raja Radhakanta Dev Bahadur, Kolkata - 1822 - 58 A.D. Sanskrit to Bengali Dictionary Bandopadhyaya Haricaran Bangiya Śavdakosa, 2ⁿᵈ ed., Sahitya Academy, New Delhi - 1978 Sanskrit to English Dictionary Bhide Vaman Vidyadhara, A Concise Sanskrit English Dictionary, Gyan Publishing House, Delhi Comparative Dictionary A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo Aryan Language by R.L. Turner, Oxford University Press, London-1966

239 Index-Glossary A Abdhi - Number seven, 3.49; 8.89 Adri - Mountain, Number seven ; 4.48 Agnau - South east corner, 5.3 Akrama - want of order, confusion, not happening successively, 7.69 Alinda - Balabhī in front of the śālā, gallery, portico, veranda, aisle, 4.8, 24, 29; 8.2 3, 5,6,8 Ambara - Circumference, sky, 5.14 Aṅganam - courtyard, 5.3 Aṅgulam - Finger, 1.174, 175, 176, 184, 188, 190 Aṅka - Number nine, 4.24; 8.53 Annālaya - Principal main building in catuśśālā meant for kṣatriya (Mayamatm), 4.35 Antarapatraka - Inner leaves, 8.55 Antarvaṁśika - Keeper of the seraglia, 5.24 Anuvaṁśa - Geneological list or table, collateral branch of a family, 7.69 Aṣṭapatra - Eight leaved, 3.31 Aṣṭāstra - Eight cornered, 3.31 Aṣṭaśālā - A house with combination of 1-4 śālās, 6.32 Aṣṭavarga - eight divisions, 4.13 Apakrāma - To go away, retreat, glide away, 4.101 Apasavya - Not to the left, on the right side, from right to left, moving to the left, 4.68

240 वास्तुमण्डनम् Apavarka – Small structure i.e., catuskudya, an inner apartment, lying in chamber, Koṣṭhaka, 6.3, 49, 51, 53, 56; 8.4, 8 Arka – Sun, Number twelve, 2.64, 4.44, 97; 8.75 Arkahasta – Twelve hands, 3.41 Aśasta – Inauspicious, 7.11 Aśma/Aśmarī – Strangury, stone or gravel, 3.69 Avāk – South, 8.15, 16 Āgama – A tradition doctrine, or precept, sacred knowledge of learning, 4.17 Āgāra – Building edifice, 5.14 Āgneya – Southeast, 7.27 Agniyantra – firearms, 3.39, 69 Ākāra – Shape, 4.10 Āmalasāraka – crowning part of a temple, 7.6 Āmnāya – Sacred law or tradition, 4.15 Āpya/Āpa – West, 5.13 Ārāma – Pleasure garden, 1.4, 3.91 Āsana – seat, 4.30, 47, 49; 7.93, 72; 8.47, 82 Āsthāna – Place, site, ground, an assembly, 5.3 Āsya – Face, 5.11 Āya – Āyādiṣaḍvarga, āya, vyaya, ṛkṣa, tārā, yoni, aṁśa, 2.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 23, 24, 28, 30, 42, 43 Āyāma – Length, 3.17, 60, 74; 4.6; 8.43, 64, 77 Āyata – stretched, length, 4.18, 21, 23; 8.74, 79 B Bha – Nakṣatra, 8.90 Bhadrā¹ – Auspicious quaters, south; Tithi Dvitīyā Saptamī, Dvāsamī), 1.68 Bhadrā² – Projected moulding forepart, a type of building, 8.22,

Index-Glossary 241 23, 24, 26, 29, 30, 32, 45, 48, 53 Bhadrā - (for Kuṇḍa) a square water reservoir, 3.89 Bhīṣaṇa - Dreadful, frighful, terrible, 7.11, 13 Bhalla - A kind of arrow or missle, 3.69 Bhāṇḍāgāra - Store house, 5.13 Bhaṭa - Warrior, 3.16 Bharaṇa - Supporting components A kapāṭa also called bharaṇa, inner court, Entrance, porch, 4.82, 87, 90; 7.18 Bhauma - Tuesday, the plantt Mars, 1.6, 7, 20, 32, 35 Bhavana - house, 3.20, 33; 4.12, 123 Bhramaṇa - Circumabulatory, 4.60 Bhūmikā - Floor of a house, site, a storey, space between two adjecenct floors 4.63 Bheṣajālayam - Room for medicine, 5.8 Bheṣaja - medicine, medicament, 3.82 Bhitti - wall, 4.7, 41, 42, 48, 75, 88, 89, 90, 92; 7.63; 8.21, 26, 31 Bhojanamandiram - Dining room, 5.4 Brahmasthāna - Central part of the square, ground plan. 4.128 C Caitya - A place for religious worship, A Buddhist temple, 4.107 Cakravellanī - Round disc, 3.53, 54 Cāmara - Chowrie, 8.73 Catuṣkara - Square or quadrangular, 4.72 Catuṣki - Four pillared porch or pavillion, 8.12 Catura - A house with forur doors, 8.10 Caturastra - Four corners of square, 8.64 Catuśśālā - Four halled house 4.28, 29; 6.14

242 वास्तुमण्डनम् Catvara – Courtyard, 3.13, 14 Chādya – Parapet, 7.11; 8.56, 62, 63, 65, 68 Chanda – An arrangement, disposition, 7.4 Chatra – Umbrella, 8.72 D Dīpālaya – Room for lamps, 4.85 Dīpāmnāya – Sacred tradition of lighting lamps, 4.15 Dīpastambha – Lampstand, 8.76 Dīrghikā – Long lake, 5.10 Dīrghikāsthāna – Place for a long lake or tank, 5.5 Daṇḍa – Stick, rod, 8.71, 72, 73 Dairghya – Length, 3.47, 48, 52, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 70, 77; 8.52, 53, 77, 79, 84 Dakṣa – Right side, 3.55, 63, 93; 8.65 Dakṣiṇa – South, 3.28, 29; 5.8, 11; 8.17 Dara – Cave, hall in the ground, 4.71 Dāru – Wood, 8.82 Daśaśālā – A house with combination of one to four śālās, 4.19 Davālīḍha – Wood burnt by fire, 3.108 Devadoṣa – Providential disturbance, 7.29 Devagṛha – Abode of gods, temple, 3.2 Dhanālaya – treasury, 4.35 Dhanurdhara – archer, 3.6 Dharā – Scale, 3.66; 8.28, 32 Dhārāgṛha – a bathroom with flowing water, shower bath, 3.94 Dhvaja – Flag, 4.70 Dikśālā – A house with ten halls, 4.20 Dṛḍha – Strong, sturdy, 4.10

Index-Glossary 243 Druma - Tree, 3.94 Duṣṭa - Damaged, defective, corrupted, worthless, 7.11 Durga - Fort, 3.1, 2, 5, 6, 20, 22, 31, 36; 4.34 Dvīpī - Leopard, panther, 7.15 Dvāra - Door, 3.90; 4.40, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54 Dvārapaṭṭa - Panel of a door, 3.71 Dviśālā - A house with two halls, 4.60, 72, 73, 75, 77; 6.99, 100, 101 E Ekaśālā - A house with one hall, 4.44, 59 G Ga - Mercury, 1.27 Gaṇādhipa - Gaṇeśa, 3.27 Gaireyam - Bitumen, 3.82 Gandha - Sulphur, 3.81, 82 Gaḍha - Ditch, moat, impediment, 3.22; 4.34; 6.34 Garbha - the foundation, the adytum, 4.39; 8.28 Garbhādhāna - Sanctum, foundation deposit, 7.34 Gaurīyantra - A type of weapon, 3.62 Gavākṣa - Latticed window, 4.31, 59, 73; 8.61, 66 Ghaṇṭā - Bell, 8.59 Ghaṭīyantra - The bucket of a well or any machine for raising water, 3.94 Gṛdhra - Vulture, 7.11 Gṛha, Geha - House, 3.15, 23, 26, 93, 4.1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 47, 53, 94, 107, 116 Gola - Small ball, 3.73, 74 Gophaṇā - Stone or dart thrower, 3.47 Gopura - Gateway of temple, town, palace, 3.33; 5.11; 8.19

244 वास्तुमण्डनम् Grāma – Village, 3.26, 33, 34, 35, 7.1 Grăsapaṭṭī – Metal base, Fillet, clasp, socket, clutch, 8.55, 57 Guhyaka – Demon, 4.101 Guṇāṅgulā – Three aṅgulas, 7.8; 8.69 H Hīra – An architectural ornament employed below the neck of the column, bead. A Moulding of the column, 4.85 Haṭṭa – Market place, 3.14, 33 Haṭṭamārga – Market road, 3.19, 20 Hasta – Hand measurement 24 aṅgulas, the bigger standard than aṅgula, 3.9, 10, 52, 54, 60, 61, 90; 8.50, 76 Havyavāhā – Fire, 3.76, 83 Haya – House number 7, 8.37, 56, 66 I Īśa – Northeast, 3.25, 27; 5.1, 5; 7.29; 8.37, 51 Īśāna – Northeast, 4.106 Indrajāla – Magical tricks, cheating, deception, 7.13 Iṣu – arrow, numberfive, 3.50 J Jīva -. Jupiter, 1.27 Jalagṛha – Room for water storage, 5.4 Jālaka – Latticed window, 8.65, 67 Jalapaṭṭi – Waterband, 8.69 Jalāśaya – Water reservoir, 3.20, 33 Jaṁbuka – Jackle, 7.15 Jāḍyakumbha – ?? 8.54 Jayantī – A column, a post moulding, flag or banner, 4.86 Jina – Arhat of the Jainas No. 24., no. 10. According to Rūpamaṇḍana, 4.23

Index-Glossary 245 Jyotikā - Fire container, 3.56 K Kīrtistambha - Pillars of fame, 3.33 Kaṇapālī - ??, 8.55 Kalā - Denotes number 64, 16 or 2 (1/16th part of a thing, unit of measurement of angle), 2.33; 3.29, 48; 4.42, 78 Kāla, Kīlaka, Kīlikī- A stake, pin, nail, 1.46; 3.50, 51, 53 Kalāṅgulas - 2 aṅgulas, 3.44, 47 Kalaśa - Pitcher, 7.3; 8.59, 76 Kalpa - A-day and night of Brahma, a period of 432 millions years of mortals, 1.137 Kaṁvikā - shoot, branch, 1.112 (measuring point) kanda - A lump, knot, 8.54, 58 kandogrāsavatī - Bulbous shape, 8.58 kaṅka - Heron, 7.11 Kaṭaka - Serpent, 3.70 Kapāṭa - The leaf or panel of a door 3.13; 4.64, 65 Kapi - Monkey, 7.11 Kapiśīrṣa - Battlement, upper part or coping of a wall, 3.8, 10; 8.36 Kapota - Pigeon, 7.11 Kapotālī - cornice, rail cornices or overhanging cornice, 7.5; 8.36 Kara - Regular cubit; hasta, 3.52; 8.44, 51, 76 Karaṇa - A house with three doors, 8.9 Karāla - Dreadful, frightful, 7.12 Karṇa - Corner projecting part, corner, angle, corner division of plan and elevation, 7.2, 5; 8.55 Karvaṭa - It is half the size of kuṭa and exactly similar to a

246 वास्तुमण्डनम् kheṭa and is also defended with a girdle of wall and located in the countryside. According to Kauṭilya it is situated in the certre of 200 villges, 4.7, 12 Khalūrikā – Parade place for military enclosure, 5.23 Khaṭaki – A side door, window, 3.16 Khara – Ass, mule, 7.16 Kheṭaka – A village, small town or hamlet. It is a small town situated on the plain near a river or in the forest by the side of hillocks and with mud wall. Its main population consists of śūdras or labour class, 3.34; 8.29 Khuraka – Heel, legs, 8.58 Krīḍāsthāna – Playground, 3.94 Kravya – carnivorous/Kravyādaya – Comprises the lion, tiger, wild dog class. They are also termed as vyala, 7.14 Koṭa – Fort, 4.7, 12 Koṭaram – The hollow of a tree, 4.107 Koṣṭha – Elongated aedicula (an entablature) nice, equivalent to śālā an attic room, Koṣṭhaka – granary, a surrounding wall, 3.8; 4.45 Kovida – Learned, wise person, 4.17 Kṣaṇa – Designation, 6.99 Kṣaṇamukha – Towards the centre, 6.20 Kṣetraphala – The area of a land, 2.76 Kūṭa – Any prominence of projection, summit peak, corner, 3.83; 5.1 1 Kūṭa¹ – Small town, half of kheṭa, type of town, 3.53 Kūpa – Small well, an well with its mechanism of water wheels, 3.24, 83, 87; 4.70 Kuṇḍa – A pool, 3.89 Kuja – Mercury, 2.3

Index-Glossary 247 Kukṣidanta - Middle pin, 7.24 Kukṣidvāra - Central door, 7.23 Kulāla - A potter, 2.21 Kumbha - A pitcher, 7.1, 2; 8.76 Kumbhī - Base of a column, water jar, a moulding plinth, 4.49, 52, 83 Kumbhikā/Kumbhaka - The base of a column a moulding, plinth, 4.82, 84 Kuṭṭima - Base, 4.98 Kuḍya - Wall, 7.35 Kuḍyadvāra - An wall with door, 8.18 L Latā - Creeper, 3.94 Lubdhaka - Hunter, 3.25 Lumbikā, Lambikā- Is it wire grill? 8.61 Lupā/Lumā - Rafter, continued pent roof, Lupa is a small plank which is added on the part or in between Gavākṣa says Viśvakarmā Vāstuśāstra, 8.40 Maddhya bhiṭṭa - partition wall, 3.89, 90 Mātrāṅgula - A measure equal to the middle digit of the middle finger in the right hand of the architect or priest, employed in measuring the sacrificial objects like the kuśa grass or seat, 1.174 Mattavāraṇa - Projecting wall of a palace, a small gate type found in the Nāṭyasastra, parapet, witness gate, 4.30, 81; 8.56, 65 Mukha - Front, facade, gable the triangular part of a wall at the end of a ridged roof. The face of a building, 3.71, 73, 78 Mukhabhadra - A portico, a porch the middle niche, the front room corresponding to modern drawing room or reception hall, staircase room, 8.23

248 वास्तुमण्डनम् Mukhapaṭṭī – gable, pediment, 8.70 Mūla – bottom, base, 3.72 Marma – Vital parts of the ground plan, 4.74 Maṇi – Gems, 8.75 Māna – The measurement of height or length, 3.54; 4.25; 8.83 Muśala – A type of yoga, 1.9 Markaṭī – a type of ear weapon, 3.43, 45, 49, 63, 65 Manohara – Pleasing, attractive, 4.10 Mahānasa – Kitchen, 4.34, 53, 57 Manvaṅgula – 14 aṅgulas, 3.60; 4.47 Mukhyagṛha – Main Building, 5.6, 13 Maṇḍapa – pavillion, covered gallery, portico, 4.26, 29; 5.12; 8.44, 45, 46 Mandira – dwelling house temple, 4.5, 16, 17, 79 Mithyākṛtāni – falsify, contradictory, 7.13 Māyā – Illusion witchcraft, phantom, 7.14 Mārjāra – Cat, 7.15 Māḍa – Raised balcony white washed upper storeyed house, 8.20, 22, 24, 27; 30, 59 Madalā – Sloping roof, 8.40 Manu – Here it denoteds no. 14, 3.9 Mārga – Street, Corridoor, 3.18, 22, 23, 35 N Nāga – Serpents, number eight, 8.57 Nāgadanta – Any overhanging member projecting from a wall or other body to support a weight, a peg or bracket, 4.49, 49, 50, 73; 7.16, 48 Nagara – town, city, 3.1 1, 28, 33 Naiṛta – Southeast, 3.25, 27, 30

Index-Glossary 249 Nāka – Heave, 3.92 Nāla – Tube, 3.69, 72, 73 Nandā – A title, number nine. pratipadā, ṣaṣṭhī, ekādaśī these three are known as Nandā Nāḍi – Chord, 2.74 Narālaya – human abode, 4.122 Nilaya – A house with two doors on east and west, 7.9 Nindita – Prohibited, forbidden, 7.10 Nirvāṇaṅgāra cūrṇakam – burnt coal dust, 3.79 Niryūha – Cross circle, a small tower, a large pin or bracket projecting from wall, 8.39, 40 Nṛtyaśālā – dancing hall, 5.4 P Pāda – Foot, quarter, fourth part, 8.79 Padāṁśa – a quarter, 3.12 Pādavyāsa – 1/4th of the breadth or diameter, 8.77 Pīṭha – A seat, pedestal, 8.76 Pañcaśālā – a house with combination of 1 to 4 śālās, 4.29 Pañjara – A cage, 3.48, 50, 51, 60 Pāṣaṇḍī – Buddha, Jaina heretics, 7.9 Paṭṭa/Bhūmikā – The floor of a house, a spot, site or storey, rectangular fillet Paṭṭaśālā – a religious establishment, lobby hall, 3.27, 28 Paṭṭī – Strap, band, 3.5 Parigha – big door bolt used in great gates of the towns and their gopuras, Crossbars fasten the door, a beam, metal bolts. For kumdas abode of bakas i.e., doves, 3.89 Parikhā – Moat, 5.11 Parivṛtti – change, alteration, 7.58

250 वास्तुमण्डनम् Paryaye – deviation from customery observances, 4.68 Paścima – West, 5.5, 6, 7, 9; 8.17 Pūrva – East, 4.106 Phalaka – Plank, part of a column or a moulding, 4.22, 56; 7.4 Piṇḍa – Bodily frame, perimeter of a thing joined main buildings (Ref. house), 3.10, 44, 45, 53; 4.64, 65; 8.69, 70, 78 Pṛthu – broad, wide, 3.49; 8.84 Pitṛtarpiṇī – The part of the hand between forefinger and thumb, 8.83 Piśāca – Goblin, 7.14 Prācī – East, 2.24, 25; 3.24; 5.1 Pradakṣiṇā – circumambulation, walking round a person or idol with the right side kept towards it as a reverential salutation, 8.80 Prahara – A period of roughly three hours, 1.57 Praṇāla – water channel, drainage system, 4.70, 93 Prāk – East, 5.7; 8.25 Prākāra – Rampart, enclosure of a temple, town or palace, 3.6, 7, 8, 33, 74; 4.75; 5.11 Prakāśa – appearnce, 4.28 Prakṛti – Nature but here it means no. 21, 4.79 Pramāṇa – Dimension, 4.7 Prāsāda – Palace, 3.20, 33; 4.47, 70, 107 Prasravaṇa – Spring or fountain, 4.70 Prastāra – A chhanda which is used here to build various types of houses according to laghu(alinda) guru(wall), 6.102, 119 Pratibhadra – type of scale, plain, low rectangular block for supporting statue vasu etc., 3.89; 8.24

Index-Glossary 251 Pratikāya – One of the main entrance, 4.36 Pratimā – idol, 4.70, 8.75 Pratirūpaka – corresponding picture, 7.10 Pratoli – Main entrance, a gateway sometimes provided with flight of steps, a small turret, the mainroad of a town, 3.16, 4.61, 62 Pratyak – West, 5.11, 8.15, 16 Pravāla – coral, 8.75 Priyamukha – A type of Gavākṣa with 8 lumbis, 8.62 Pura – City, type of a town, 3.15, 26, 34, 35, 40, 63, 74; 4.33; 5.1, 57, 59 R Racanā – Arrangement, 4.63 Rītimayī – Brass or bell metal, 3.69 Rājagṛha – King's palace, 3.14; 5.10 Rājamandira – Kings palace, 5.9 Rājamārga – A royal or main road, 4.75 Rājaveśma – Royal palace, 4.37; 7.10 Rāmahasta – Three hands, 8.76 Raṅgabhūphalaka – the stage, play house, 4.22 Rasa – here it denotes no six, 4.31; 8.56 Rathyā – A road for carriages, a highway, ; a place where many roads meet, 3.70 Raudra – Violent, fierce, 7.11' Rudra – no eleven, 4.35 Rudrakara – eleven hands, 3.41 Rujāyutam – Diseased tree, 4.110 S Śakra – Indra, number four, 8.86