वेदान्त पारिजात सौरभ (भगवद् निम्बार्काचार्य - द्वैताद्वैत वेदान्त ब्रह्मसूत्र भाष्य सटीक)

[sū. 1. 1. 1. 16 VEDĀNTA-KAUSTUBHA ADH. 1.] here the place of Brahman'. The same thing is found in the Gītā. Compare, e.g. the statement by the Lord, viz. ‘“‘Through His grace,¹ you shall obtain supreme peace and an eternal place’”’ (Gītā 18.62). And through the beginningless desire of the Lord, it is manifold in forms, as the objects of His enjoyment and of His ever-free souls, and not liable to any alternations of evolution and the rest; since it is beyond time, in accordance with the text: ‘That manifestation, of which time, composed of Kalās ² and minutes, is not the cause of transformation. Your eight-fold attributes and lordship, O Lord, are natural and supreme’. Next, time is a species of non-sentient sub- stance, different from both the prākṛta and the aprākṛta, eternal and all-pervading, in accordance with the scriptural text; ‘Now, eternal, verily, are the soul, matter and time’; and also because in the text; ‘“‘Existent alone, my dear, was this in the beginning’”’ (Chānd. 6.2.1), the existence of time, denoted by the term ‘beginning’, is declared; as well as on account of the Smṛti passage:—‘The Lord Time is beginningless, and has, O Brahmin, no end’ (V.P. 1.2.26a ³). ‘There can be no apprehension in the world which does not involve time.’ It is the special cause of the conventional uses (of such terms) as ‘past’, ‘future’, ‘present’, ‘simultaneous’, ‘lasting’, ‘quick’ and so on; assisting in the creation and the rest; and the special cause of the con- ventional use (of different measures of time), beginning with the paramāṇu and ending with the parārdha.⁴ Since it is well-known from the Purāṇas, no detailed account is given here. All objects derived from prakṛti are dependent on time. But although time is the regulator of everything, it is itself regulated by the Supreme Lord, in accordance with the text: ‘Who is a knower, the Time of time, possessor of attributes, omniscient’ (Śvet. 6.2). The meaning of the word “Brahman” has already been expounded above. He is Lord Kṛṣṇa, an abode of groups of qualities like Creator- ship of the world and the rest, to be mentioned hereafter, and is denoted by the words ‘Supreme Brahman’, ‘Nārāyaṇa’, ‘Vāsudeva’ and so on. As has been said: ‘Let us meditate on Kṛṣṇa, on Hari, with eyes like ¹ Correct quotation ‘tat-prasādāt’ and not ‘mat-prasādāt’. ² Kalā is a particular division of time. M. W., p. 261. ³ P. 15. ⁴ A paramāṇu is the time taken by the sun to traverse past an atom of matter and so on. Vide V.R.M., p. 38, for details.