ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त (ब्रह्मगुप्त - शून्य, कुट्टक, बीजगणित एवं सम्पूर्ण २१ अध्याय सान्वय सटीक)

54 PERSONAL REFERENCES OF BRAHMAGUPTA In the Appendix of the Khaṇḍakhādyaka, there is another verse which also speaks in the same strain against Āryabhaṭa (this verse does not occur in the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta) : As the process of finding the apparent places of pla- nets as given by Āryabhaṭa does not make them agree with observation, I shall, therefore, speak of this process. Of the Sun the apogee is at two signs and seventeen degrees (KK. IX. 4)¹ Brahmagupta opposed to Śrīṣeṇa— Viṣṇucandra, Lāṭa, Vijayanandī and others Brahmagupta was a great critic; he did not spare Āryabhaṭa, and along with him he was vehemently opposed to the doctrine of Śrīṣeṇa, Viṣṇucandra, Lāṭadeva, Vijayanandī and Pradyumna also. He was opposed to the Romaka and Pauliśa Siddhāntas, which were the systems of foreign astronomy, derived from Greece, Babylonia and other centres of learning. He did his best to resist the foreign influences on astronomy. The following are the verses in the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, where Brahmagupta expressed his note of discord against the sys- tems or notions of Āryabhaṭa, Śrīṣeṇa and Viṣṇucandra : BrSpSi. I.60; II 46, 47; X 13, 62; XI.31, 46, 47, 48-50, 55, XVI. 36, 46; XXI.39; XXII. 2. In two of the verses, he refers to Lāṭasiṃha : BrSpSi. XI. 46, 48. In the following verse, he refers to Aṅkaciti, Vijayanandī, Prad- yumna and others: BrSpSi. XI. 58. In the Khaṇḍakhādyaka we do not find the names of these adversaries of Brahmagupta ; we, however, have a reference of Śrīṣeṇa, Āryabhaṭa and Viṣṇucandra in the verses already quoted, occurring in the Appendix of the Khaṇḍakhādyaka (Khaṇḍa- khādyakottara), Chapter IX. 2 and 3. As we have said before, these verses of the Appendix have been reproduced from the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. (I.62 and II.47). Reference to Romaka and Pauliśa systems Brahmagupta speaks of his system as if expounded by Brahmā himself for the first time, later on deteriorated, and then revived by Brahmagupta himself. The very second verse of the Brāhma-

1. न स्फुटमार्यभटोक्तं स्पष्टीकरणं यतस्ततो वक्ष्ये । भानुमतो मन्दोच्चं राशिद्वयमंशकांश्च सप्तदश ॥ —KK. IX. 4.