बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 1-2.] चतुःसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 591 Sloka 6.—The umbrella of ordinary persons should be of a square form, capable of warding off cold and heat. That of Brahmins should be circular and have a cylindrical rod. Probably the author means that the rod of private persons' umbrellas should be square and that for Brahmins, cylindrical. Thus ends the 73rd Adhyaya on the "Signs of Umbrellas." स्त्रीप्रशंसाध्यायः ॥७४॥ Praise Of Women. जये धरित्र्याः पुरमेव सारं पुरे गृहं सद्मनि चैकदेशः । तत्रापि शय्या शयने वरा स्त्री रत्नोज्ज्वला राज्यसुखस्य सारः ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—When a country is conquered, the most important thing there is only a city whereof the essen- tial part is a mansion, and in this the most desirable portion is only a room ; and even here the most beauti- ful thing is a couch, whereon an excellent damsel, ador- ned with gems and gold ornaments, is the pith and essence of the happiness accruing from the possession of a king- dom. This reminds one of Valmiki's statement "त्रैलोक्यराज्यं सकलं सीताया नाप्नुयात् कलाम् ।" This chapter is on a par with Bhartri- hari's Sringara Sataka (शृङ्गारशतक) and will have great attraction for people of widely differing tastes as "नाट्यं भिन्नरुचेर्जनस्य बहुधाप्येकं समाराधनम्." Some of the statements in this chapter sound rather frivolous and light-hearted. The purpose is most probably to please the patron-sovereign of the author, who requires the plea- sure of the company of a sweet-heart after a strenuous career of wars of conquest. रत्नानि विभूषयन्ति योषा भूष्यन्ते वनिता न रत्नकान्त्या । चेतो वनिता हरन्त्यरत्ना नो रत्नानि विनाङ्गनाङ्गसङ्गम् ॥२॥

592 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 3-4. Sloka 2.—Damsels beautify gems and they are not adorned by the lustre of the latter ; for they captivate the heart even without the aid of gems ; but the gems do not without their association with beautiful maidens. The last quarter can be interpreted as —What are gems (the greatest things) but union with damsels ? आकारं विनिगूहतां रिपुबलं जेतुं समुत्तिष्ठतां तन्त्रं चिन्तयतां कृताकृतशतव्यापारशाखाकुलम् । मन्त्रिप्रोक्तनिषेविणां क्षितिभुजामाशाङ्किनां सर्वतो दुःखाम्भोनिधिवर्त्तिनां सुखलवः कान्तासमालिङ्गनम् ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—The embrace of a sweet-heart affords a bit (an iota) of pleasure to the kings who have to sup- press their feelings, who strive to vanquish the forces of their foes, who deeply ponder over diplomatic methods that are replete with the ramifications of hundreds of things that are done and not done, who act upon the advice given by their ministers, who apprehend danger from every quarter (suspect every body) and who are consequently plunged, so to say, in the ocean of misery. "Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown' ; so in the midst of his miserable and care-worn life, the company of a sweet partner gives a king at least some pleasure for some time. This of course for the poor soul should not be grudged by the people, lest his life should be a burden and a liability. श्रुतं दृष्टं स्पृष्टं स्मृतमपि नृणां ह्लादजननं न रत्नं स्त्रीभ्योऽन्यत् क्वचिदपि कृतं लोकपतिना । तदर्थं धमार्थौ सुतविषयसौख्यानि च ततो गृहे लक्ष्म्यो मान्याः सततमबला मानविभवैः ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—Nowhere has the creator designed any gem other than women ; for, this gem gives delight

Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 5-7.] चतुःसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 593 to men, when heard of, seen, touched or even remem- bered ; for its sake are done righteous deeds and wealth amassed ; from that do men derive worldly pleasures and offspring. Such damsels are the goddesses of fortune. Hence they should always be honoured at home with respect and wealth. This reminds one of Manu's dictum “ यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्त तत्र देवताः " i e., Gods dwell with pleasure in a house where ladies are treated with respect. येऽप्यङ्गनानां प्रवदन्ति दोषान् वैराग्यमार्गेण गुणान् विहाय । ते दुर्जना मे मनसो वितर्कः सद्भाववाक्यानि न तानि तेषाम् ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—It is my conviction that those who, follow- ing the path of renunciation or detachment, overlook the virtues of and traduce ladies, are indeed wicked and cynical. For they do not mean what they say. प्रब्रूत सत्यं कतरोऽङ्गनानां दोषोऽस्ति यो नाचरितो मनुष्यैः । धाष्टर्येन पुम्भिः प्रमदा निरस्ता गुणाधिकास्ता मनुनात्र चोक्तम् ॥ Sloka 6.—Tell me the truth, what fault is there in women that is not committed by men ? Men have traduced women as being impudent (or men have out- done women in impudence). They are indeed superior to men in respect of merits. And the following are the statements of Manu on this point. सोमस्तासामदाच्छौचं गन्धर्वः शिक्षितां गिरम् । अग्निश्च सर्वभक्षित्वं तस्मान्निष्कसमाः स्त्रियः ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—The Moon gave them (women) purity (cleanliness); Gandharva, cultured and sweet speech; the Fire, the capacity to eat all sorts of food. Hence women are like unto pure gold. बृ सं 75

594 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 8-12. ब्राह्मणाः पादतो मेध्या गावो मेध्याश्च पृष्ठतः । अजाश्वा मुखतो मेध्याः स्त्रियो मेध्यास्तु सर्वतः ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—Brahmins are pure at the feet ; cows at the back ; goats and horses, at the face (mouth) ; and women are pure all over. स्त्रियः पवित्रमतुलं नैता दुष्यन्ति कर्हिचित् । मासि मासि रजो ह्यासां दुष्कृतान्यपकर्षति ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—Being objects of matchless purity, never are women defiled. For the menses remove their ble- mishes every month. जामयो यानि गेहानि शपन्त्यप्रतिपूजिताः । तानि कृत्याहतानीव विनश्यन्ति समन्ततः ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—Those houses that are cursed by res- pectable ladies (daughters-in-law) being not properly treated, will totally perish, as if destroyed by which-craft. जाया वा स्याज्जनित्री वा सम्भवः स्त्रीकृतो नृणाम् । हे कृतघ्नास्तयोर्निन्दां कुर्वतां वः कुतः शुभम् ॥११॥ Sloka 11.—Whether it is the wife or the mother, men are brought into being only by women. What good can you expect, O ungrateful men, from censuring them? तज्जाया भवति यस्यां जायते पुनरितिश्रुतिः । जाया स्त्री माता। स्त्रीकृतः सम्भवः । अङ्गात्सम्भवति हृदयादभिजायते । आत्मा वै पुत्रनामासि त्वं जीव शरदं शतमिति श्रुतिः । दम्पत्योर्व्युत्क्रमे दोषः समः शास्त्रे प्रतिष्ठितः । नरा न तमवेक्षन्ते तेनात्र वरमङ्गनाः ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—It has been established in the moral code that the guilt of husband and wife will be equal, if both

Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 13-16 ] चतुःसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 595 go astray. But men do not pay any heed to their sins. Hence women are better in this respect. बहिर्लोम्ना तु षण्मासान् वेष्टितः खरचर्मणा । दारातिक्रमणे भिक्षां देहीत्युक्त्वा विशुध्यति ॥१३॥ Sloka 13.—A man guilty of going astray in matters sexual will be absolved of the sin by begging alms for six months, wearing a donkey's hide with its hair exposed. न शतेनापि वर्षाणामपैति मदनाशयः । तत्राशक्त्या निवर्तन्ते नरा धैर्येण योषितः ॥१४॥ Sloka 14.—Even when men complete a centum of years, their sexual craving does not subside; but they refrain from the act only through incapacity, whereas women do so by conviction and courage. अहो धार्ष्ट्यमसाधूनां निन्दतामनघाः स्त्रियः । मुष्णतामिव चौराणां तिष्ठ चौरेति जल्पताम् ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—How impudent are the immoral fellows that slander blameless women ! They are like the thieves actually found stealing and yet crying—“Thief, stop !” The aforesaid quotations amply prove Manu's great regard for women and how they were treated in ancient India, where there was no necessity for women to fight for equality. पुरुषश्चटुलानि कामिनीनां कुरुते यानि रहो न तानि पश्चात् । सुकृतज्ञतयाङ्गना गतासूनवगृह्य प्रविशन्ति सप्तजिह्वम् ॥१६॥ Sloka 16.—A man does not resort subsequently to the same coaxing words and actions as done in privacy with his sweet-hearts ; whereas the latter embrace their dead husbands out of gratitude for the good turns done unto them, and enter their funeral pyre.

596 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIV. Sl. 17-20. In the days of Varahamihira, Suttee must have been in great vogue. But Bana, the great poet, expresses his antipathy to this custom. स्त्रीरत्नभोगोऽस्ति नरस्य यस्य निःस्वोऽपि सम्प्रत्यवनीश्वरोऽसौ । राज्यस्य सारोऽशनमङ्गनाश्च तृष्णानलोद्दीपनदारु शेषम् ॥१७॥ Sloka 17.—A man who enjoys the gem of a damsel is for the time being, (to me) a king, though he is penni- less. For the quint-essence of a kingdom consists of dainty food and damsels ; and all the rest is only fuel for kindling the fire of appetite. कामिनीं प्रथमयौवनान्वितां मन्दवल्गुमृदुपीडितस्वनाम् । उत्स्तनीं समवलम्ब्य या रतिः सा न धातृभवनेऽस्ति मे मतिः ॥१८॥ Sloka 18.—It is my firm conviction that the erotic bliss that is enjoyed by one's embracing a loving damsel in the prime of youth, with swelling bosoms, and mur- muring sounds, gentle, sweet, tender and suppressed, cannot be had even in the Creator's Heaven (Brahma- loka. This reminds one of Bhartrihari's—अधरमधु वधूनां भाग्यवन्तः पिबन्तः तत्र देवमुनिसिद्धचारणैर्मान्यमानपितृसेव्यसेवनात् । ब्रूत धातृभवनेऽस्ति किं सुखं यद्रहः समवलम्ब्य न स्त्रियम् ॥१९॥ Sloka 19.—Tell me what pleasure is there in Brahma Loka, owing to the Gods, Sages, Siddhas and celestial bards attending upon the Manes and other Worshipful Beings, such as cannot be found in embracing a damsel in privacy. आब्रह्मकीटान्तमिदं निबद्धं पुंस्त्रीप्रयोगेण जगत् समस्तम् । व्रीडात्र का यत्र चतुर्मुखत्वमीशोऽपि लोभाद्गमितो युवत्याः ॥२०॥ Sloka 20.—The whole universe, from Brahman to the smallest worm, is based on the union of the male

Adh. LXXV. Sl. 1-2.] पञ्चसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 597 and female. Why then should we feel ashamed of it, when even Lord Siva was forced to take four faces on account of his greed to have a look at a maiden ? The story alluded to here is that once the celestial courtezan Tilottama, was going round Lord Siva on whose lap was seated Parvati. The lord being afraid of offending Parvati created four faces for himself in order to look at the matchless beauty of the damsel. Thus ends the 74th Adhyaya on " the Praise of Women. " सौभाग्यकरणम् ॥७५॥ Winning of Affection. जात्यं मनोभवसुखं सुभगस्य सर्व- माभासमात्रमितरस्य मनोवियोगात् । चित्तेन भावयति दूरगतापि यं स्त्री गर्भं बिभर्ति सदृशं पुरुषस्य तस्य ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—The man who is loved by damsels en- joys all the sexual pleasures in the most excellent manner, while others enjoy only sham pleasures; because, the woman has her mind elsewhere. A woman develops a foetus similar to the man whom she thinks of at the time of coitus, though she be far off from him. भङ्क्त्वा काण्डं पादपस्योप्तमुर्व्यां बीजं वास्यां नान्यतामेति यद्वत् । एवं ह्यात्मा जायते स्त्रीषु भूयः कश्चित्तस्मिन् क्षेत्रयोगाद्विशेषः ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—Just as a branch cut off from a tree or a seed planted in the soil does not change its nature, i. e., does not grow into a different tree, even so is the soul re- born in women. But owing to the influence of the soil or mother, slight difference does occur.

598 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXV. Sl. 3-6. आत्मा सहैति मनसा मन इन्द्रियेण स्वार्थेन चेन्द्रियमिति क्रम एष शीघ्रः । योगोऽयमेव मनसः किमगम्यमस्ति यस्मिन्मनो व्रजति तत्र गतोऽयमात्मा ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—The soul combines with the mind, the mind with the senses, and the senses with their respec- tive objects. This takes place in quick succession. The connection being such, is there anything unattainable for the mind ? And whither the mind goes, thither goes the soul too ! आत्मायमात्मनि गतो हृदयेऽतिसूक्ष्मो ग्राह्योऽचलेन मनसा सतताभियोगात् । यो यं विचिन्तयति याति स तन्मयत्वं यस्मादतः सुभगमेव गता युवत्यः ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—The soul which is very subtle is immersed in the Supreme Soul in the region of the heart (हृत्पुण्डरीक). Such a soul should be comprehended by a steadfast mind through constant practice. Since every person at- tains the nature of one whom he constantly thinks of, young women mentally go only to their beloved ones. दाक्षिण्यमेकं सुभगत्वहेतुर्विद्वेषणं तद्विपरीतचेष्टा । मन्त्रौषधायैः कुहकप्रयोगैर्भवन्ति दोषा बहवो न शर्म ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—Favourableness or courtesy is the sole cause of winning the affection of the opposite sex ; a contrary conduct engenders aversion. Charms, potions and such other quack remedies produce only many harm- ful effects and not happiness. वाल्लभ्यमायाति विहाय मानं दौर्भाग्यमुपादयतेऽभिमानः । कृच्छ्रेण संसाधयतेऽभिमानी कार्याण्ययत्नेन वदन् प्रियाणि ॥६॥

Adh. LXXV. Sl. 7-10.] पञ्चसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 599 Sloka 6.—Man becomes the idol of woman by for- saking pride; and arrogance produces repulsion. A haughty person accomplishes his objects with great diffi- culty, whereas one speaking sweetly does it easily. तेजो न तद्यत् प्रियसाहसत्वं वाक्यं न चानिष्टमसत्प्रणीतम् । कार्यस्य गत्वान्तमनुद्धता ये तेजस्विनस्ते न विकत्थना ये ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—It is not valour to be fond of rash deeds; nor to speak harsh words that are generally uttered by ruffians. Those who are not arrogant, nor boastful even after accomplishing their task, are valorous. यः सार्वजन्यं सुभगत्वमिच्छेद्गुणान् स सर्वस्य वदेत्परोक्षम् । प्राप्नोति दोषानसतोऽप्यनेकान् परस्य यो दोषकथां करोति ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—One wishing for universal love should ex- press others' virtues behind their back; while a person referring to the faults of others gets too many unmerited charges levelled against him. सर्वोपकारानुगतस्य लोकः सर्वोपकारानुगतो नरस्य । कृत्वोपकारं द्विषतां विपत्सु या कीर्तिरल्पेन न सा शुभेन ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—The whole world renders service to a man who is engaged in helping the people. The fame that is won by helping enemies in their distress cannot be had by a small measure of religious merit. तृणैरिवाग्निः सुतरां विशुद्धिमाञ्छाद्यमानोऽपि गुणोऽभ्युपैति । स केवलं दुर्जनभावमेति हन्तुं गुणान् वाञ्छति यः परस्य ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—The virtues of the good, though sup- pressed by the wicked, attain great eminence, just as fire blazes forth, though covered with grass. The person who wishes to spoil another's virtues has his own wickedness proclaimed. Thus ends the 75 Adhyaya on the "Winning of Affection."

600 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVI. Sl. 1-4. कान्दर्पिकम् ॥७६॥ Erotic Remedies. रक्तेऽधिके स्त्री पुरुषस्तु शुक्रे नपुंसकं शोणितशुक्रसाम्ये । यस्मादतः शुक्रविवृद्धिदानि निषेवितव्यानि रसायनानि ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—When (at the time of coitus) the blood (of the woman) exceeds the sperm (of man), a female will be born ; when the sperm exceeds the blood, a male ; when both are equal, a hermaphrodite, Hence, one ought to take tonics that increase one's sperm. हर्म्यपृष्ठमुडुनाथरश्मयः सोत्पलं मधु मदालसा प्रिया । वल्लकी सरकथा रहः स्रजो वर्ग एष मदनस्य वागुरा ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—Cupid's snare consists of the following group : viz., a terrace, the Moon's rays, lilies, wine, an intoxicated sweet-heart, a lute, amatory talk, privacy and garlands. This is reminiscent of the Sloka : चन्दनबिन्दुमहश्च सुगन्धिर्मलयमरुन्मदिरा च मनोज्ञा । वामहशां च वपुः सविलासं मनसिजपौष्टिकयोगविशेषः ॥ माक्षीकधातुमधुपारदलोहचूर्ण- पथ्याशिलाजतुघृतानि समानि योऽद्यात् । सैकानि विंशतिरहनि जरान्वितोऽपि सोऽशीतिकोऽपि रमयत्यबलां युवेव ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—A man who eats for 21 days a mixture of equal quantities of माक्षीकधातु (mineral honey), honey, mer- cury, iron-dust, हरीतकी (yellow myrobalan), शिलाजतु (bitu- men), and ghee, though he be very old or an octoge- narian, will be able to please a damsel, as though he were a young man. क्षीरं शृतं यः कपिकच्छुमूलैः पिबेत् क्षयं स्त्रीषु न सोऽभ्युपैति । माषान् पयःसर्पिषि वा विपक्कान् षड्ग्रासमात्रांश्च पयोनुपानम् ॥४॥

Adh, LXXVI. Sl. 5-8.] षट्सप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 601 Sloka 4.—If one drinks milk boiled with Kapika- cchu roots or eats only six morsels of black-gram boiled in milk and ghee (in ghee prepared from milk itself), fol- lowed by a drink of milk, one will not be exhausted by women. विदारिकायाः स्वरसेन चूर्णं मुहुर्मुहुर्भावितशोषितं , च । शृतेन दुग्धेन सशर्करेण पिबेत् स यस्य प्रमदाः प्रभूताः ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—A man having numerous wives should take the powder of विदारिका, boiled seven times in its own sap and then concentrated, and drink with it boiled milk mixed with sugar. धात्रीफलानां स्वरसेन चूर्णं सुभावितं क्षौद्रसिताज्ययुक्तम् । लीढ्वानु पीत्वा च पयोऽग्निशक्त्या कामं निकामं पुरुषो निषेवेत् ॥ Sloka 6.—Boil well the powder of myrobalan with its own juice and mix it with honey, sugar and ghee. After licking this, drink milk according to your digestion ; then you will be able to enjoy sexual pleasures to the utmost. क्षीरेण बस्ताण्डयुजा शृतेन सम्प्लाव्य कामी बहुशीतलान् यः। सुशोषितानत्ति पयः पिबेच्च तस्याग्रतः किं चटकः करोति ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—A lustful man should boil milk with goat's testes and sesamum several times and thus concentrate it. By • taking that and drinking milk after that, he will put even the sparrow to shame by his exuberant virility. माषसूपसहितेन सर्पिषा षष्टिकौदनमदन्ति ये नराः । क्षीरमप्यनुपिबन्ति तासु ते शर्वरीषु मदनेन शेरते ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—Men who eat boiled षष्टिक-(Shastika) rice with ghee and black gram soup and then drink milk, sleep on those nights after repeated sport of love. Shashtika rice is a kind of rice that grows in 60 days. बृ सं 76

602 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVI. Sl. 9-12. तिलाश्वगन्धाकपिकच्छूमूलैर्विदारिकाषष्टिकपिष्टयोगः । आजेन पिष्टः पयसा घृतेन पक्व भवेच्छष्कुलिकातिवृष्या ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—A mixture of sesamum, Aswagandha, Ka- pikachchu, Vidarika and Shashtika rice, the whole ground in goat’s milk and then boiled in ghee, will be like the शष्कुली (Sashkuli) eatable and will increase sperm (be a good aphrodisiac). क्षीरेण वा गोक्षुरकोपयोगं विदारिकाकन्दकभक्षणं वा । कुर्वन्न सीदेद्यदि जीर्यतेऽस्य मन्दाग्निता चेदिदमत्र चूर्णम् ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—If the virility of a man diminishes, he should take either गोक्षुर or विदारिका roots boiled in milk. Then his sexual power will remain unimpaired. If he suffer from dullness of the digestive apparatus, he might take the following powder. साजमोदलवणा हरीतकी शृङ्गवेरसहिता च पिप्पली । मद्यतक्रतरलोष्णवारिभिश्चूर्णपानमुदराग्निदीपनम् ॥११॥ Sloka 11.—A mixture of equal quantities of Aja- moda, rock-salt, हरीतकी, ginger and Pippali, soaked in liquor, butter-milk, gruel or hot-water and drunk, promotes digestion. अत्यम्लतिक्तलवणानि कटूनि वात्ति यः क्षारशाकबहुलानि च भोजनानि । दृक्शुक्रवीर्यरहितः स करोत्यनेकान् व्याजान् जरन्निव युवाप्यबलामवाप्य ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—One who eats excessively sour, bitter, salt or pungent things and meals chiefly consisting of a boiled mixture of things and leafy vegetables (or saline pot-herbs), will lose the power of sight, sperm and man- hood, and on getting a damsel, he will, however young, make several sham attempts, as if he were an old man. Thus ends the 76th Adhyaya on "Erotic Remedies" ' .

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 1-4.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 603 गन्धयुक्तिः ॥७७॥ Preparation of Perfumes. स्रग्गन्धधूपाम्बरभूषणायं न शोभते शुक्लशिरोरुहस्य । यस्मादतो मूर्धजरागसेवां कुर्याद्यथैवाञ्जनभूषणानम् ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—Since garlands, perfumes, fine raiment, ornaments and the like do not shine in a man of grey hair, one ought to try to dye the hair, just as one does regarding unguents for the eyes and ornaments. In the beginning of the Chapter the commentator quotes ex- tensively from a निघण्टु or lexicon, which gives the synonyms of various materials used in the preparation of perfumes. लोहे पात्रे तण्डुलान् कोद्रवाणां शुक्ते पक्वांल्लोहचूर्णेन साकम् । पिष्टान् सूक्ष्मं मूर्ध्नि शुक्लाम्लकेशे दत्त्वा तिष्ठेद्द्वेष्टयित्वार्द्रपत्रैः ॥२॥ याते द्वितीये प्रहरे विहाय दद्याच्छिरस्यामलकप्रलेपम् । सञ्छाद्य पत्रैः प्रहरद्वयेन प्रक्षालितं काष्ण्यमुपैति शीर्षम् ॥३॥ Slokas 2-3.—Put into an iron vessel grains of कोद्रव- Kodrava and boil them in acid-gruel (vinegar); grind it well with iron dust and make a fine paste. Apply this to the head after washing the hair with acid-gruel, and covering the head with green leaves, remain for six hours. After that period, remove the paste from the head and apply a paste of myrobalan. Cover it with green leaves and keep it for another six hours. On being washed, the hair will become black. पश्चाच्छिरःस्नानसुगन्धतैर्लैर्लोहाम्लगन्धं शिरसोऽपनीय । हृद्यैश्च गन्धैर्विविधैश्च धूपैरन्तःपुरे राज्यसुखं निषेवेत् ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—After that one should remove the smell of the iron and vinegar by bathing the head and by the application of perfumed hair oils, and then enjoy in the

604 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 5-8. harem the pleasures of kingship along with attractive perfumes and a variety of incense. त्वक्कुष्ठरेणुनालिकास्पृकारसतगरवालकैस्तुल्यैः । केसरपत्रविमिश्रैर्नरपतियोग्यं शिरःस्नानम् ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—A scented hair-water fit for kings is pre- pared from equal proportions of cassia-bark, costus, Renuka, Nalika, Sprikka, Rasa, Tagara, Valaka, Naga- .kesara and Patra. मञ्जिष्ठया व्याघ्रनखेन शुक्त्या त्वचा सकुष्ठेन रसेन चूर्णः । तैलेन युक्तोऽर्कमयूखतप्तः करोति तच्चम्पकगन्धि तैलम् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—Hair oil of the scent of Champaka is made from equal quantities of the powder of madder, cuttle fish bone, Nakhi, (shell perfume), cassia bark, cos- tus and Rasa, which being mixed with gingelly oil should be heated in the Sun’s rays. तुल्यैः पत्रतुरुष्कवालतगरैर्गन्धः स्मरोद्दीपनः सव्यामो बकुलोऽयमेव कटुकाहिङ्गुप्रधूपान्वितः । कुष्ठेनोत्पलगन्धिकः समलयः पूर्वो भवेच्चम्पको जातीत्वक्सहितोऽतिमुक्तक इति ज्ञेयः सकुस्तुम्बुरुः ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—From equal quantities of Patra, juice of Sihla, Vala and Tagara, an oil called Smaroddeepana- ' kindler of passion ' is made. The same with Vyamaka and fumigated with Katuka, asafoetida, yields a perfume called ' Bakula scent '. The same with costus is termed “ lotus-scent, ” and with sandal, ' Champaka scent '. With nutmeg, cassia bark and coriander, it goes by the name of ' Jasmine scent '. शतपुष्पाकुन्दुरुकौ पादेनाधैन नखतुरुष्कौ चं । मलयप्रियङ्गभागौ गन्धो धूप्यो गुडनखेन ॥८॥

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 9-11.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 605 Sloka 8.—Take one-fourth of Sathapushpa and Kunduruka, one-half of Nakha and Sihla, and one-fourth of Sandal and Priyangu. These make a perfume which should be fumigated with jaggery and Nakha. The commentator states: before fumigating with Guda, it should be done with Hareethaki. गुग्गुलुबालकलाक्षामुस्तानखशर्कराः क्रमाद्धूपः । अन्यो मांसिबालकतुरुष्कनखचन्दनैः पिण्डः ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—Guggulu, Valaka, lac, Musta seeds, Nakha and sugar in equal quantities constitute a compound per- fume. Another is made from Jatamamsee, Valaka, Sihla, Nakha and sandal. हरीतकीशंखघनद्रवाम्बुभिर्गुडोत्पलैः शैलकमुस्तकान्वितैः । नवान्तपादादिविवर्धितैः क्रमाद्भवन्ति धूपा बहवो मनोहराः ॥१०॥ Slokas 10.—Many delightful perfumes are made from Haritaka, Sankha, Ghana, Rasa, Valaka, Jaggery, costus, Saileya and Musta seeds by mixing them in proportions indicated by multiples of ⅛th. The words in the 3rd quarter have to be construed thus: the succeeding constituents should be ⅛th in excess of the preceding one, the first one being ⅛th and the last ⁹⁄₈. पाद here is interpreted as a part in general and not as a quarter. By the usage of the word 'many', it is evident that the 9 constituents may be mixed in any order, taking care to see that no two are mixed in the same proportion. For example, by mixing one part of Hareetaka two parts of Sankha, three of Ghana, etc., the other constituents being increased in this order, one kind of perfume is formed. Since it is not necessary that the order of the constituents should be the same, |̲9 or 362880 perfumes can be prepared. भागैश्चतुर्भिः सितशैलमुस्ताः श्रीसर्जभागौ नखगुग्गुलू च । कर्पूरबोधो मधुपिण्डितोऽयं कोपच्छदो नाम नरेन्द्रधूपः ॥११॥

606 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 12-14. Sloka 11.—Four parts each of sugar, Saileya and Musta, two parts each of Sri Vasaka and Sarja juice, and one part each of Nakha and Guggulu, mixed with the powder of camphor and made into a lump of ball with honey, make a royal perfume called “ Kopacchada ”— Anger-lid. One Iswara has written a work in Prakrit on the art of pre- paring perfumes. The commentator quotes the following verse from him. ओल्लम्मि ओल्लओ जो दिज्जइ वेह इति सो भणिओ । बोहो उण जो चुण्णो चुण्णविणि अच्छगन्धो सो ॥ आर्द्वे आर्द्रो यो दीयते वेध इति स भणितः । बोधः पुनर्यरचूर्णश्चूर्णिते अच्छगन्धः सः ॥ A liquid mixed with another liquid is called वेध, while a pow- der with another is बोध. त्वगुशीरपत्रभागैः सूक्ष्मैलाध्रेन संयुतैश्चूर्णः । पुटवासः प्रवरोऽयं मृगकर्पूरप्रबोधेन ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—Take equal quantities of cassia bark, andropogon and Patra and a half-quantity of small car- damoms and pound them to fine powder, which should be enriched with musk and camphor. It will make an excellent toilet powder (perfume for clothes). घनवालकशैलेयककर्पूरोशीरनागपुष्पाणि । व्याघ्रनखस्पृक्कागुरुमदनकनखतगरधान्यानि ॥१३॥ कर्चूरचोलमल्यैः स्वेच्छापरिवर्त्तितैश्चतुर्भिरतः । एकद्वित्रिचतुर्भिर्भागैर्गन्धार्णवो भवति ॥१४॥ Slokas 13-14.—The Gandharnava or perfume ocean is prepared from sixteen substances, if every four of them are permuted variously at will and that in one, two, three, or four parts. The substances are :—घन, बालक, शैलेय, कर्पूर

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 15-18.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 607 उशीर, नागपुष्प, व्याघ्रनख, स्पृक्का, अगुरु, मदन क, नख, तगर, coriander, कचूर, चोल, and sandal. | Ghana | Balaka | Saileya | Karpura | | Useera | Nagapushpa | Vyaghranakha | Sprikka | | Aguru | Madanaka | Nakha | Tagara | | Dhanya | Karchura | Chola | Malaya |

Here, altogether 96 varieties are got. Each set of four has 24 permutations and so the four sets together have 24 x 4 or 96. See the diagram in the margin. अत्युल्बणगन्धत्वादेकांशो नित्यमेव धान्यानाम् । कर्पूरस्य तदूनो नैतौ द्वित्र्यादिभिर्देयौ ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—In no perfume should more than one part of coriander be used, for its smell is too powerful. Camphor should be used in a still lesser proportion. These two ought not to be mixed in two, three, or four parts. श्रीसर्जगुडनखैस्ते धूपयितव्याः क्रमाच्च पिण्डस्थैः । बोधः कस्तूरिकया देयः कर्पूरसंयुतया ॥१६॥ Sloka 16—All the above drugs should be fumigated by Srivasaka, resin, jaggery and Nakha severally before all the ingredients are mixed together, and then they should be mixed with musk and camphor. अत्र सहस्रचतुष्टयमन्यानि च सप्ततिसहस्राणि । लक्षं शतानि सप्त विंशतियुक्तानि गन्धानाम् ॥१७॥ Sloka 17.—The number of perfumes resulting from the sixteen ingredients being mixed in all possible combinations is 174720-(4000+70000+100000+720). एकैकमेकभागं द्वित्रिचतुर्भागिकैर्युतं द्रव्यैः । षड्गन्धकरं तद्भूद्वित्रिचतुर्भागिकं कुरुते ॥१८॥

608 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Śl. 19-22. Sloka 18.—Each drug taken in one proportion being combined with three others in two, three and four pro- portions successively makes six kinds of scents. So do they, when taken in two, three and four proportions. द्रव्यचतुष्टययोगाद्गन्धचतुर्विंशतिर्यथैकस्य । एवं शेषाणामपि षण्णवतिः सर्वपिण्डोऽत्र ॥१९॥ Sloka 19.—As in this manner four substances com- bined in different proportions yield 24 perfumes ; so too the other tetrads. Hence the sum will be 96. षोडशके द्रव्यगणे चतुर्विकल्पेन भिद्यमानानाम् । अष्टादश जायन्ते शतानि सहितानि विंशत्या ॥२०॥ Sloka 20.—Out of a collection of sixteen kinds of substances, the number of perfumes that can be made by selecting any four will be 1820. षण्णवतिभेदभिन्नश्चतुर्विकल्पो गणो यतस्तस्मात् । षण्णवतिगुणः कार्यः सा संख्या भवति गन्धानाम् ॥२१॥ Sloka 21.—Since this quantity combined in four different ways admits of 96 variations, this number 1820 must be multiplied by 96. The product will be the total of possible combinations of perfumes. पूर्वेण पूर्वेण गतेन युक्तं स्थानं विनान्त्यं प्रवदन्ति संख्याम् । इच्छाविकल्पैः क्रमशोग्भिनीय नीते निवृत्तिः पुनरन्यनीतिः ॥२२॥ Sloka 22.—Write in a vertical column the numbers 1 to 16 upwards ; in a second column by its side write one, and then write above that the sum of the first two figures of the first column, viz , 3 ; add this result to the third number and write it above that ; continue this process until you reach the penultimate number, i. e., 15. Repeat this process in the third and fourth

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 23.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 609 columns also. The last number of the last column will reveal the number 1820. (See figure in the margin). The numbers 1, 2, 3......16 in the first column represent respectively the 16 sub- stances mentioned in slokas 13-14, supra (pp. 606-607). Firstly, let the first 3 sub- stances be considered as constant and any one of the remaining as variable. The num- ber of perfumes formed will be 13. Next, taking substances 1, 3, and 4 as constant and one of the rest as variable, we get 12 varie- ties. Proceeding further in the same man- ner, we get 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 varieties, or 91 in all. Now let the substances 1, 2 and 4 be considered as constants and one of the re- maining as variable, we get 12 perfumes. By taking 1, 3 and 5 as constants, the num- ber will be 11, and so on. The total will thus be 78. Similarly making 1, 2, 5; 1, 3, 6; 1, 4, 7 etc., as constants, we shall get 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4. 3, 2, 1 or a total of 66 varieties. Thus we shall get 91, 78, 66, 55, 45, 36, 28, 21, 15, 10, 6, 3, 1 or 455 in all. Proceeding in the same way with other combina- tions, the several totals will be 364, 286, 220, 165, 120, 84, 56, 35, 20, 10, 4, 1 or a grand total of 1820. The process to get at the above figures as enunciated by Bhattotpala in his commentary is circuitous and confusing. This is only the number of combinations of 16 things taken 4 at a time ( ¹⁶C₄ ) or 1820.

द्वित्रिन्द्रियाष्टभागैरगुरुः पत्रं तुरुष्कशैलेयौ । विषयाष्टपक्षदहनाः प्रियङ्गुमुस्तारसाः केशः ॥२३॥ बृ. सं. 77

610 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 24-27. स्पृक्वात्वक्तगराणां मांश्याश्च कृतैकसप्तषड्भागाः । सप्तर्तुवेदचन्द्रैर्मलयनखश्रीककुन्दुरुकाः ॥२४॥ Slokas 23-24.—Make a diagram consisting of 16 compartments as shown below and place them with their respective proportions as : | अगुरु 2 | पत्र 3 | तुरुष्क 5 | शैलेय 8 | | प्रियङ्गु 5 | मुस्ता 8 | रस 2 | केश 3 | | स्पृक्का 4 | त्वक् 1 | तगर 7 | माँसी 6 | | मलय 7 | नख 6 | श्रीक 4 | कुन्दुरुक 1 | षोडशके कच्छपुटे यथा तथा मिश्रिते चतुर्द्रव्ये । येऽत्राष्टादश भागास्तेऽस्मिन् गन्धादयो योगाः ॥२५॥ नखतगरतुरुष्कयुता जातीकर्पूरमृगकृतोद्बोधाः । गुडनखधूप्या गन्धाः कर्तव्याः सर्वतोभद्राः ॥२६॥ Slokas 25-26.—In a receptacle of 16 divisions in whatever manner (horizontally, vertically or diagonally), you may mix four substances, you get 18 proportions for each of the various compounds of perfumes. Each of the compounds should be blended with Nakhi, Tagara and Turushka, be enlivened (mixed) by nutmeg, cam- phor and musk; and be fumigated with jaggery and Nakha. In this way are made scents called ‘Sarvato- bhadra’—‘good for all purposes.’ जातीफलमृगकर्पूरबोधितैः ससहकारमधुसिक्तैः । बहवोऽत्र पारिजाताश्चतुर्भिरिच्छापरिगृहीतैः ॥२७॥ Sloka 27.—Many perfumes for the mouth with the smell of Parijata flower are prepared from any tetrad