बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 1-4.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 603 गन्धयुक्तिः ॥७७॥ Preparation of Perfumes. स्रग्गन्धधूपाम्बरभूषणायं न शोभते शुक्लशिरोरुहस्य । यस्मादतो मूर्धजरागसेवां कुर्याद्यथैवाञ्जनभूषणानम् ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—Since garlands, perfumes, fine raiment, ornaments and the like do not shine in a man of grey hair, one ought to try to dye the hair, just as one does regarding unguents for the eyes and ornaments. In the beginning of the Chapter the commentator quotes ex- tensively from a निघण्टु or lexicon, which gives the synonyms of various materials used in the preparation of perfumes. लोहे पात्रे तण्डुलान् कोद्रवाणां शुक्ते पक्वांल्लोहचूर्णेन साकम् । पिष्टान् सूक्ष्मं मूर्ध्नि शुक्लाम्लकेशे दत्त्वा तिष्ठेद्द्वेष्टयित्वार्द्रपत्रैः ॥२॥ याते द्वितीये प्रहरे विहाय दद्याच्छिरस्यामलकप्रलेपम् । सञ्छाद्य पत्रैः प्रहरद्वयेन प्रक्षालितं काष्ण्यमुपैति शीर्षम् ॥३॥ Slokas 2-3.—Put into an iron vessel grains of कोद्रव- Kodrava and boil them in acid-gruel (vinegar); grind it well with iron dust and make a fine paste. Apply this to the head after washing the hair with acid-gruel, and covering the head with green leaves, remain for six hours. After that period, remove the paste from the head and apply a paste of myrobalan. Cover it with green leaves and keep it for another six hours. On being washed, the hair will become black. पश्चाच्छिरःस्नानसुगन्धतैर्लैर्लोहाम्लगन्धं शिरसोऽपनीय । हृद्यैश्च गन्धैर्विविधैश्च धूपैरन्तःपुरे राज्यसुखं निषेवेत् ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—After that one should remove the smell of the iron and vinegar by bathing the head and by the application of perfumed hair oils, and then enjoy in the

604 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 5-8. harem the pleasures of kingship along with attractive perfumes and a variety of incense. त्वक्कुष्ठरेणुनालिकास्पृकारसतगरवालकैस्तुल्यैः । केसरपत्रविमिश्रैर्नरपतियोग्यं शिरःस्नानम् ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—A scented hair-water fit for kings is pre- pared from equal proportions of cassia-bark, costus, Renuka, Nalika, Sprikka, Rasa, Tagara, Valaka, Naga- .kesara and Patra. मञ्जिष्ठया व्याघ्रनखेन शुक्त्या त्वचा सकुष्ठेन रसेन चूर्णः । तैलेन युक्तोऽर्कमयूखतप्तः करोति तच्चम्पकगन्धि तैलम् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—Hair oil of the scent of Champaka is made from equal quantities of the powder of madder, cuttle fish bone, Nakhi, (shell perfume), cassia bark, cos- tus and Rasa, which being mixed with gingelly oil should be heated in the Sun’s rays. तुल्यैः पत्रतुरुष्कवालतगरैर्गन्धः स्मरोद्दीपनः सव्यामो बकुलोऽयमेव कटुकाहिङ्गुप्रधूपान्वितः । कुष्ठेनोत्पलगन्धिकः समलयः पूर्वो भवेच्चम्पको जातीत्वक्सहितोऽतिमुक्तक इति ज्ञेयः सकुस्तुम्बुरुः ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—From equal quantities of Patra, juice of Sihla, Vala and Tagara, an oil called Smaroddeepana- ' kindler of passion ' is made. The same with Vyamaka and fumigated with Katuka, asafoetida, yields a perfume called ' Bakula scent '. The same with costus is termed “ lotus-scent, ” and with sandal, ' Champaka scent '. With nutmeg, cassia bark and coriander, it goes by the name of ' Jasmine scent '. शतपुष्पाकुन्दुरुकौ पादेनाधैन नखतुरुष्कौ चं । मलयप्रियङ्गभागौ गन्धो धूप्यो गुडनखेन ॥८॥

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 9-11.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 605 Sloka 8.—Take one-fourth of Sathapushpa and Kunduruka, one-half of Nakha and Sihla, and one-fourth of Sandal and Priyangu. These make a perfume which should be fumigated with jaggery and Nakha. The commentator states: before fumigating with Guda, it should be done with Hareethaki. गुग्गुलुबालकलाक्षामुस्तानखशर्कराः क्रमाद्धूपः । अन्यो मांसिबालकतुरुष्कनखचन्दनैः पिण्डः ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—Guggulu, Valaka, lac, Musta seeds, Nakha and sugar in equal quantities constitute a compound per- fume. Another is made from Jatamamsee, Valaka, Sihla, Nakha and sandal. हरीतकीशंखघनद्रवाम्बुभिर्गुडोत्पलैः शैलकमुस्तकान्वितैः । नवान्तपादादिविवर्धितैः क्रमाद्भवन्ति धूपा बहवो मनोहराः ॥१०॥ Slokas 10.—Many delightful perfumes are made from Haritaka, Sankha, Ghana, Rasa, Valaka, Jaggery, costus, Saileya and Musta seeds by mixing them in proportions indicated by multiples of ⅛th. The words in the 3rd quarter have to be construed thus: the succeeding constituents should be ⅛th in excess of the preceding one, the first one being ⅛th and the last ⁹⁄₈. पाद here is interpreted as a part in general and not as a quarter. By the usage of the word 'many', it is evident that the 9 constituents may be mixed in any order, taking care to see that no two are mixed in the same proportion. For example, by mixing one part of Hareetaka two parts of Sankha, three of Ghana, etc., the other constituents being increased in this order, one kind of perfume is formed. Since it is not necessary that the order of the constituents should be the same, |̲9 or 362880 perfumes can be prepared. भागैश्चतुर्भिः सितशैलमुस्ताः श्रीसर्जभागौ नखगुग्गुलू च । कर्पूरबोधो मधुपिण्डितोऽयं कोपच्छदो नाम नरेन्द्रधूपः ॥११॥

606 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 12-14. Sloka 11.—Four parts each of sugar, Saileya and Musta, two parts each of Sri Vasaka and Sarja juice, and one part each of Nakha and Guggulu, mixed with the powder of camphor and made into a lump of ball with honey, make a royal perfume called “ Kopacchada ”— Anger-lid. One Iswara has written a work in Prakrit on the art of pre- paring perfumes. The commentator quotes the following verse from him. ओल्लम्मि ओल्लओ जो दिज्जइ वेह इति सो भणिओ । बोहो उण जो चुण्णो चुण्णविणि अच्छगन्धो सो ॥ आर्द्वे आर्द्रो यो दीयते वेध इति स भणितः । बोधः पुनर्यरचूर्णश्चूर्णिते अच्छगन्धः सः ॥ A liquid mixed with another liquid is called वेध, while a pow- der with another is बोध. त्वगुशीरपत्रभागैः सूक्ष्मैलाध्रेन संयुतैश्चूर्णः । पुटवासः प्रवरोऽयं मृगकर्पूरप्रबोधेन ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—Take equal quantities of cassia bark, andropogon and Patra and a half-quantity of small car- damoms and pound them to fine powder, which should be enriched with musk and camphor. It will make an excellent toilet powder (perfume for clothes). घनवालकशैलेयककर्पूरोशीरनागपुष्पाणि । व्याघ्रनखस्पृक्कागुरुमदनकनखतगरधान्यानि ॥१३॥ कर्चूरचोलमल्यैः स्वेच्छापरिवर्त्तितैश्चतुर्भिरतः । एकद्वित्रिचतुर्भिर्भागैर्गन्धार्णवो भवति ॥१४॥ Slokas 13-14.—The Gandharnava or perfume ocean is prepared from sixteen substances, if every four of them are permuted variously at will and that in one, two, three, or four parts. The substances are :—घन, बालक, शैलेय, कर्पूर

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 15-18.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 607 उशीर, नागपुष्प, व्याघ्रनख, स्पृक्का, अगुरु, मदन क, नख, तगर, coriander, कचूर, चोल, and sandal. | Ghana | Balaka | Saileya | Karpura | | Useera | Nagapushpa | Vyaghranakha | Sprikka | | Aguru | Madanaka | Nakha | Tagara | | Dhanya | Karchura | Chola | Malaya |

Here, altogether 96 varieties are got. Each set of four has 24 permutations and so the four sets together have 24 x 4 or 96. See the diagram in the margin. अत्युल्बणगन्धत्वादेकांशो नित्यमेव धान्यानाम् । कर्पूरस्य तदूनो नैतौ द्वित्र्यादिभिर्देयौ ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—In no perfume should more than one part of coriander be used, for its smell is too powerful. Camphor should be used in a still lesser proportion. These two ought not to be mixed in two, three, or four parts. श्रीसर्जगुडनखैस्ते धूपयितव्याः क्रमाच्च पिण्डस्थैः । बोधः कस्तूरिकया देयः कर्पूरसंयुतया ॥१६॥ Sloka 16—All the above drugs should be fumigated by Srivasaka, resin, jaggery and Nakha severally before all the ingredients are mixed together, and then they should be mixed with musk and camphor. अत्र सहस्रचतुष्टयमन्यानि च सप्ततिसहस्राणि । लक्षं शतानि सप्त विंशतियुक्तानि गन्धानाम् ॥१७॥ Sloka 17.—The number of perfumes resulting from the sixteen ingredients being mixed in all possible combinations is 174720-(4000+70000+100000+720). एकैकमेकभागं द्वित्रिचतुर्भागिकैर्युतं द्रव्यैः । षड्गन्धकरं तद्भूद्वित्रिचतुर्भागिकं कुरुते ॥१८॥

608 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Śl. 19-22. Sloka 18.—Each drug taken in one proportion being combined with three others in two, three and four pro- portions successively makes six kinds of scents. So do they, when taken in two, three and four proportions. द्रव्यचतुष्टययोगाद्गन्धचतुर्विंशतिर्यथैकस्य । एवं शेषाणामपि षण्णवतिः सर्वपिण्डोऽत्र ॥१९॥ Sloka 19.—As in this manner four substances com- bined in different proportions yield 24 perfumes ; so too the other tetrads. Hence the sum will be 96. षोडशके द्रव्यगणे चतुर्विकल्पेन भिद्यमानानाम् । अष्टादश जायन्ते शतानि सहितानि विंशत्या ॥२०॥ Sloka 20.—Out of a collection of sixteen kinds of substances, the number of perfumes that can be made by selecting any four will be 1820. षण्णवतिभेदभिन्नश्चतुर्विकल्पो गणो यतस्तस्मात् । षण्णवतिगुणः कार्यः सा संख्या भवति गन्धानाम् ॥२१॥ Sloka 21.—Since this quantity combined in four different ways admits of 96 variations, this number 1820 must be multiplied by 96. The product will be the total of possible combinations of perfumes. पूर्वेण पूर्वेण गतेन युक्तं स्थानं विनान्त्यं प्रवदन्ति संख्याम् । इच्छाविकल्पैः क्रमशोग्भिनीय नीते निवृत्तिः पुनरन्यनीतिः ॥२२॥ Sloka 22.—Write in a vertical column the numbers 1 to 16 upwards ; in a second column by its side write one, and then write above that the sum of the first two figures of the first column, viz , 3 ; add this result to the third number and write it above that ; continue this process until you reach the penultimate number, i. e., 15. Repeat this process in the third and fourth

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 23.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 609 columns also. The last number of the last column will reveal the number 1820. (See figure in the margin). The numbers 1, 2, 3......16 in the first column represent respectively the 16 sub- stances mentioned in slokas 13-14, supra (pp. 606-607). Firstly, let the first 3 sub- stances be considered as constant and any one of the remaining as variable. The num- ber of perfumes formed will be 13. Next, taking substances 1, 3, and 4 as constant and one of the rest as variable, we get 12 varie- ties. Proceeding further in the same man- ner, we get 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 varieties, or 91 in all. Now let the substances 1, 2 and 4 be considered as constants and one of the re- maining as variable, we get 12 perfumes. By taking 1, 3 and 5 as constants, the num- ber will be 11, and so on. The total will thus be 78. Similarly making 1, 2, 5; 1, 3, 6; 1, 4, 7 etc., as constants, we shall get 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4. 3, 2, 1 or a total of 66 varieties. Thus we shall get 91, 78, 66, 55, 45, 36, 28, 21, 15, 10, 6, 3, 1 or 455 in all. Proceeding in the same way with other combina- tions, the several totals will be 364, 286, 220, 165, 120, 84, 56, 35, 20, 10, 4, 1 or a grand total of 1820. The process to get at the above figures as enunciated by Bhattotpala in his commentary is circuitous and confusing. This is only the number of combinations of 16 things taken 4 at a time ( ¹⁶C₄ ) or 1820.

द्वित्रिन्द्रियाष्टभागैरगुरुः पत्रं तुरुष्कशैलेयौ । विषयाष्टपक्षदहनाः प्रियङ्गुमुस्तारसाः केशः ॥२३॥ बृ. सं. 77

610 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 24-27. स्पृक्वात्वक्तगराणां मांश्याश्च कृतैकसप्तषड्भागाः । सप्तर्तुवेदचन्द्रैर्मलयनखश्रीककुन्दुरुकाः ॥२४॥ Slokas 23-24.—Make a diagram consisting of 16 compartments as shown below and place them with their respective proportions as : | अगुरु 2 | पत्र 3 | तुरुष्क 5 | शैलेय 8 | | प्रियङ्गु 5 | मुस्ता 8 | रस 2 | केश 3 | | स्पृक्का 4 | त्वक् 1 | तगर 7 | माँसी 6 | | मलय 7 | नख 6 | श्रीक 4 | कुन्दुरुक 1 | षोडशके कच्छपुटे यथा तथा मिश्रिते चतुर्द्रव्ये । येऽत्राष्टादश भागास्तेऽस्मिन् गन्धादयो योगाः ॥२५॥ नखतगरतुरुष्कयुता जातीकर्पूरमृगकृतोद्बोधाः । गुडनखधूप्या गन्धाः कर्तव्याः सर्वतोभद्राः ॥२६॥ Slokas 25-26.—In a receptacle of 16 divisions in whatever manner (horizontally, vertically or diagonally), you may mix four substances, you get 18 proportions for each of the various compounds of perfumes. Each of the compounds should be blended with Nakhi, Tagara and Turushka, be enlivened (mixed) by nutmeg, cam- phor and musk; and be fumigated with jaggery and Nakha. In this way are made scents called ‘Sarvato- bhadra’—‘good for all purposes.’ जातीफलमृगकर्पूरबोधितैः ससहकारमधुसिक्तैः । बहवोऽत्र पारिजाताश्चतुर्भिरिच्छापरिगृहीतैः ॥२७॥ Sloka 27.—Many perfumes for the mouth with the smell of Parijata flower are prepared from any tetrad

Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 28-32.] सप्तसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 611 among the above-named ones. They should be en- livened with nutmeg, musk and camphor and sprinkled with mango-juice and honey. सर्जरसश्रीवासकसमन्विता येऽत्र सर्वधूपास्तैः । श्रीसर्जरसवियुक्तैः स्नानानि सबालकत्वग्भिः ॥२८॥ Sloka 28.—All those scents into whose composition enter resin and Srivasaka become perfumes for bathing with Valaka and Twak taking the place of the above two. रोध्रोशीरनतागुरुमुस्तापत्रप्रियङ्गुवनपथ्याः । नवकोष्ठात्कच्छपुटाद्रव्यत्रितयं समुद्धृत्य ॥२९॥ चन्दनतुरुष्कभागौ शुक्त्यर्थं पादिका तु शतपुष्पा । कटुहिङ्गुलगुडधूप्याः केसरगन्धाश्चतुरशीतिः ॥३०॥ Slokas 29-30.—Make a receptacle of nine divisions

| Lodhra | Useera | Nata | | Aguru | Musta | Patra | | Priyangu | Vanas | Pathya |

and enter in them the following : Lodhra, Usira, Nata (Tagara), Aguru, Musta, Patra, Priyangu, Vanas and Pathya. Take a triad of substances from amongst them and add to them one part each of Sandal and Turushka, a half of Nakha and a quarter of Satapushpa, and fumigate them with Katuka, Hingula and jaggery. In this way are prepared 84 perfumes of the fragrance of Bakula flower.

सप्ताहं गोमूत्रे हरीतकीचूर्णसंयुते क्षिप्त्वा । गन्धोदके च भूयो विनिक्षिपेद्दन्तकाष्ठानि ॥३१॥ एलात्वक्पत्राञ्जनमधुमरिचैर्नागपुष्पकुष्ठैश्च । गन्धाम्भः कर्तव्यं कञ्चित्कालं स्थितान्यस्मिन् ॥३२॥

612 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVII. Sl. 33-36. जातीफलपत्रैलाकपूरैः कृतयमैकाशिखिभागैः । अवचूर्णितानि भानोर्मरीचिभिः शोषणीयानि ॥३३॥ Slokas 31-33.—Put tooth-sticks for a week in cow's urine mixed with the powder of Haritaki and then taking them out, dip them again in scented water, which is to be prepared from small cardamoms, Twak, Patra, Anjana, honey, pepper, Nagakesara and costus. Keep the sticks in this for some time (half a night); then powder them with a mixture of four parts of nutmeg, two of Patra, one of small cardamoms and three of camphor, and let them dry in the Sun's rays. For tooth sticks, see Chap. 85 infra. वर्णप्रसादं वदनस्य कान्तिं वैशद्यमास्यस्य सुगन्धितां च । संसेवितुः श्रोत्रसुखां च वाचं कुर्वन्ति काष्ठान्यसकृत्प्लवानाम् ॥ Sloka 34.—Such tooth-sticks give the user freshness of colour, facial lustre, cleanliness of the mouth, fine smell and an agreeable voice. कामं प्रदीपयति रूपमभिव्यनक्ति सौभाग्यमावहति वक्त्रसुगन्धितां च । ऊर्जं करोति कफजांश्च निहन्ति रोगां- स्ताम्बूलमेवमपरांश्च गुणान् करोति ॥३५॥ Sloka 35.—Betel stimulates love, sets off the phy- sical charm, creates popularity, gives good smell to the mouth, strengthens the body, and dispels diseases arising from phlegm. It also bestows many other benefits. युक्तेन चूर्णेन करोति रागं रागक्षयं पूगफलातिरिक्तम् । चूर्णाधिकं वक्त्रविगन्धकारि पत्राधिकं साधु करोति गन्धम् ॥३६॥ Sloka 36.—A moderate dose of lime used with betel- leaves gives good colour; an extra quantity of areca-nut

LXXVII. 37, LXXVIII. 1-2.] अष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 613 spoils the colour ; excessive lime produces bad smell in the mouth, but an extra quantity of betel-leaf, pleasant smell. पत्राधिकं निशि हितं सफलं दिवा च प्रोक्तान्यथाकरणमस्य विडम्बनैव । ककोलपूगलवलीफलपारिजातै- रामोदित मदमुदा मुदितं करोति ॥३७॥ Sloka 37.—At night it is beneficial to have an over- dose of betel-leaf, while by day, of areca-nut. To change this order is a mere farce of betel-chewing. When betel-leaf is made fragrant by Kakkola, areca-nut, clove and Jatee, it makes one happy with the joy of amorous intoxication. Thus ends the 77th Adhyaya on "the Preparation of Perfumes." पुंस्त्रीसमायोगः ॥७८॥ Union of Man and Woman. शस्त्रेण वेणीविनिगूहितेन विदूरथं स्वा महिषी जघान । विषप्रदिग्धेन च नूपुरेण देवी विरक्ता किल काशिराजम् ॥१॥ एवं विरक्ता जनयन्ति दोषान् प्राणच्छिदोऽन्यैरनुकीर्तितैः किम् । रक्ता विरक्ताः पुरुषैरतोऽर्थात् परीक्षिताव्याः प्रमदाः प्रयत्नात् ॥२॥ Slokas 1-2.—They say that king Viduratha was murdered by his own queen with a weapon concealed in her tresses, and the king of Kasi by his disaffected queen by means of her anklet smeared with poison. Thus wo- men, when they are disgusted with one, bring about calamities amounting to danger to life. What is the use of enumerating other troubles ? Hence, men ought to examine carefully whether the damsels are really at- tached to or disgusted with them.

614 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 3-6. स्नेहं मनोभवकृतं कथयन्ति भावा नाभीभुजस्तनविभूषणदर्शनानि । वस्त्राभिसंयमनकेशविमोक्षणानि भ्रूक्षेपकम्पितकटाक्षनिरीक्षणानि ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—Love springing from sexual desire is in- dicated by tell-tale blush, etc., by exposing the navel, arms, bosoms and ornaments, by re-tying the garments, by loosening the locks, by twitches and tremblings of the eye-brows and by side-long glances. उच्चैः ष्ठीवनमुत्कटप्रहसितं शय्यासनोत्सर्पणं गात्रास्फोटनजृम्भणानि सुलभद्रव्याल्पसम्प्रार्थना । बालालिङ्गनचुम्बनान्यभिमुखे सख्याः समालोकनं दृक्पाताश्च पराङ्मुखे गुणकथा कर्णस्य कण्डूयनम् ॥४॥ इमां च विन्द्यादनुरक्तचेष्टां प्रियाणि वक्ति स्वधनं ददाति । विलोक्य संहृष्यति वीतरोषा प्रमार्ष्टि दोषान् गुणकीर्त्तनेन ॥५॥ तन्मित्रपूजा तदरिद्विषत्वं कृतस्मृतिः प्रोषितदौर्मनस्यम् । स्तनौष्ठदानान्युपगूहनं च खेदोऽथ चुम्बाप्रथमाभियोगः ॥६॥ Slokas 4-6.—Other tokens of love are : loud clearing of the throat and spitting, loud laughter in the presence of the lover, rising towards him from couch or seat, pro- ducing sounds with limbs, yawning, asking for trivial and easily available things, embracing and kissing a child, looking significantly at a female companion, casting glances at him when he looks elsewhere, enumerating his virtues, and scratching the ears. A damsel who speaks sweetly, spends her own money (for his sake), feels de- lighted at his sight, forgets her anger, drowns his faults by extolling his virtues, honours his friends, hates his enemies, feels grateful to him for his good turns, feels

Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 7-11] अष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 615 miserable when he is away, offers her bosoms and lips, embraces him, perspires, and kisses him first, is also to be understood as one affectionately attached through her actions. विरक्तचेष्टा भ्रुकुटीमुखत्वं पराङ्मुखत्वं कृतविस्मृतिश्च । असम्भ्रमो दुष्परितोषता च तद्विष्टमैत्री परुषं च वाक्यम् ॥७॥ स्पृष्टाथवालोक्य धुनोति गात्रं करोति गर्वं न रुणद्धि यान्तम् । चुम्बाविरामे वदनं प्रमार्ष्टि पश्चात्समुत्तिष्ठति पूर्वसुप्ता ॥८॥ Slokas 7-8.—The following are the indications of the disaffection of a woman :—A frowning face, turning away the face (from the lover), forgetting the good done by him, lack of interest in his presence, fretfulness, kindness towards his enemies, harsh words, shuddering on touch- ing or seeing him, assuming arrogance, not preventing him from going away, wiping off the mouth after a kiss, getting up last and going to bed first. भिक्षुणिका प्रव्रजिता दासी धात्री कुमारिका रजिका । मालाकारी दुष्टाङ्गना सखी नापिती दूत्यः ॥९॥ कुलजनविनाशहेतुर्दूत्यो यस्मादतः प्रयत्नेन । ताभ्यः स्त्रियोऽभिरक्ष्या वंशयशोमानवृद्ध्यर्थम् ॥१०॥ Slokas 9-10.—Buddhistic nuns, female ascetics, hand-maids, nurses, virgins, washer-women, flower-sellers, corrupt women, female companions and barbers' wives serve as go-betweens. As these are the causes of the ruin of respectable families, one should carefully protect one's women from them in order to enhance the reputa- tion and honour of the family. रात्रीविहारजागररोगव्यपदेशपरगृहेक्षणिकाः । व्यसनोत्सवाश्च सङ्केतहेतवस्तेषु रक्ष्याश्च ॥११॥

616 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 12-14. Sloka 11.—Nocturnal recreations, vigils, professions of illness, staying in another's house, consultations with sooth-sayers, taking part in congregational mournings, and festivals are occasions when women come in contact with men. Hence they should be guarded on such occasions. आदौ नेच्छति नोज्झति सरकथां व्रीडाविमिश्रालसा मध्ये ह्रीपरिवर्जिताभ्युपरमे लज्जाविनम्रानना । भावैर्नैकविधैः करोत्यभिनयं भूयश्च या सादरा बुद्ध्वा पुंप्रकृतिं च यानुचरति ग्लानेतरैश्चेष्टितैः ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—A loving damsel will at first show no desire, but will not leave off amorous talk ; in the be- ginning of the sexual act, she will be bashful and languid; in the middle, she will be devoid of bashfulness, and on the close, bashfully drop her face. Then again she will show, during coitus, various graceful expressions of senti- ment, and perceiving the disposition of her lover atten- tively adapt herself to him in movements indicative of weariness or otherwise as the case may be. स्त्रीणां गुणा यौवनरूपवेषदाक्षिण्यविज्ञानविलासपूर्वाः । स्त्री रत्नसंज्ञा च गुणान्वितासु स्त्रीव्याधयोऽन्याश्चतुरस्य पुंसः ॥१३॥ Sloka 13.—The excellences of women are youth, beauty, charming dress, favourableness, knowledge of the arts of winning man's affection, graceful gait, etc. The best of those, possessed of the above excellences are termed 'Gems of women', whereas others, for a cultured man, are only 'Feminine Diseases.' न ग्राम्यवर्णैर्मलदिग्धकाया निन्द्याङ्गसम्बन्धिकथां च कुर्यात् । न चान्यकार्यस्मरणं रहःस्था मनो हि मूलं हरदग्धमूर्तेः ॥१४॥

Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 15-18.] अष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 617 Sloka 14.—A woman in the company of her lover in privacy should not indulge in boorish talk (or decorate herself with rustic colours), not be unclean in body, not speak of unseemly parts of the body, nor mention other subjects; for mind is the birth-place of Love whose body was burnt by Hara. श्वासं मनुष्येण समं त्यजन्ती बाहूपधानस्तनदानदक्षा । सुगन्धकेशा सुसमीपरागा सुप्तेऽनुसुप्ता प्रथमं विबुद्धा ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—A woman who breathes in unison with her lover, is ready to make her arms a pillow for him, offers skilfully her breasts to him, has her hair finely scented, goes to sleep after he has fallen asleep and wakes up before him, has sincere and abiding love for him. दुष्टस्वभावाः परिवर्जनीया विमर्दकालेषु च न क्षमा याः । यासामसृग्वासितनीलपीतमाताम्रवर्णं च न ताः प्रशस्ताः ॥१६॥ या स्वप्नशीला बहुरक्तपित्ता प्रवाहिनी वातकफातिरक्ता । महाशना खेदयुताङ्गदुष्टा या ह्रस्वकेशी पलितान्विता वा ॥१७॥ मांसानि यस्याश्च चलन्ति नार्या महोदरा खिखिमिनी च या स्यात् स्त्रीलक्षणे याः कथिताश्च पापास्ताभिर्न कुर्यात्सह कामधर्मम् ॥१८॥ Slokas 16-18.—Those women who have a wicked nature, and who are impatient during coitus, ought to be shunned. Inauspicious are those whose blood is dark, blue, yellow, or slightly copper-red. A woman that is sleepy, has too much blood and bile, has a dripping (burning) organ, is of a rheumatic and phlegmatic constitution, gluttonous, sweaty, with deformed limbs, short-haired, and with (prematurely) grey hair; further, one whose muscles are flaccid, who has a pot-belly and who pro- बृ० सं० 78

618 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 19-23. duces indistinct sounds, besides those who in the Chap- ter on the signs of women have been declared sinful : with none of the above women should a man play the act of Cupid. From the above remarks, it is quite clear that this is meant only for kings to follow. शशशोणितसङ्काशं लाक्षारससन्निकाशमथवा यत् । प्रक्षालितं विरज्यति यच्चासृक् तद्भवेच्छुद्धम् ॥१९॥ यच्छब्दवेदनावर्र्जितं त्र्यहात् संनिवर्त्तते रक्तम् । तत्पुरुषसम्प्रयोगादविचारं गर्भतां याति ॥२०॥ Slokas 19-20.—The menstrual blood is sound if it is tinged like hare's blood, or lac, and fades after wash- ing. (That is, fit for impregnation). Such blood not attended with noise and pain, and ceasing to flow after three days, will undoubtedly develop into an embryo after union with man. न दिनत्रयं निषेव्यं स्नानं माल्यानुलेपनं स्त्रीभिः । स्नायाच्चतुर्थदिवसे शास्त्रोक्तेनोपदेशेन ॥२१॥ पुण्यस्नानौषधयो याः कथितास्ताभिरम्बुमिश्राभिः । स्नायात्तथात्र मन्त्रः स एव यस्तत्र निर्दिष्टः ॥२२॥ Slokas 21-22.—A woman in menses should not bathe, not wear wreaths of flowers, nor anoint her body. She should bathe on the fourth day according to the man- dates of the Sastras. She should use for her bath the herbs enumerated in the Chapter on 'Royal ablutions' (Ch. 48) mixed with water, and the same hymn men- tioned there will have to be used here too. युग्मासु किल मनुष्या निशासु नार्यो भवन्ति विषमासु । दीर्घायुषः सुरूपाः सुखिनश्च विकृष्टयुग्मासु ॥२३॥

Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 24-26.] अष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 619 Sloka 23.—They say that sexual union on even nights (after menses) procreates males, while on odd nights, females. On distant even nights, it leads to the birth of children who will be long-lived, handsome and happy. Probably the second half gives the author's own opinion in which distant even nights are good for future issue. दक्षिणपार्श्वे पुरुषो वामे नारी यमावुभयसंस्थौ ॥ यदुदरमध्योपगतं नपुंसकं तन्निबोद्धव्यम् ॥२४॥ Sloka 24.—A foetus situated in the right side of the womb will be a male; while one on the left, a female. One situated on both the sides will be twins and one in the middle is to be understood to be a eunuch. केन्द्रत्रिकोणेषु शुभस्थितेषु लग्ने शशाङ्के च शुभैः समेते । पापैस्त्रिलाभारिगतैश्च यायात्पुंजन्यमयोगेषु च सम्प्रयोगम् ॥२५॥ Sloka 25.—A man ought to have sexual union with his wife when the Kendras and the Trikona houses are occupied by benefics, when the Moon and the Lagna are conjoined with benefics, when malefics are posited in the 3rd, 6th and 11th houses and when there are planetary combinations ensuring the birth of a male. For पुंजन्यमयोग, vide बृ. जा. IV-11. न नखदशनविक्षतानि कुर्यादृत्तुसमये पुरुषः स्त्रियाः कथञ्चित । ऋतुरपि दश षट् च वासराणि प्रथमानिशात्रितयं न तत्र गम्यम् ॥ Sloka 26.—A man should on no account make marks on his wife's body with his nails and teeth during her period of impregnation. Such a period lasts for sixteen days, of which the first three nights are unfit for union.

620 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 1-4. These ideas are described at length in works on Ayurveda such as अष्टाङ्गहृदय. Thus ends the 78th Adhyaya on "the Union of Man and Woman." ————— शय्यासनलक्षणम् ॥७९॥ Signs of Couches and Seats. सर्वस्य सर्वकालं यस्मादुपयोगमेति शास्त्रमिदम् । राज्ञां विशेषतोऽतः शयनासनलक्षणं वक्ष्ये ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—Since this science dealing with the signs of couches and seats is useful for all persons at all times, especially for kings, I shall now expound it. असनस्पन्दनचन्दनहरिद्रुसुरदारुतिन्दुकिाशालाः । कश्मर्यञ्जनपद्मकशाका वा शिंशपा च शुभाः ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—Trees recommended for the construction of beds and seats are Asana, Spandana, Sandal-tree, Haridra, Deodar, Tinduka, Sal, Kasmari, Arjuna, Pad- maka, Saka and Simsapa. अशनिजलानिलहस्तिप्रपातिता मधुविहङ्गकृतनिलयाः । चैत्यश्मशानपथिजोर्ध्वशुष्कवल्लीनिबद्धाश्च ॥३॥ कण्टकिनो ये च स्युर्महानदीसङ्गमोद्भवा ये च । सुरभवनजाश्च न शुभा ये चापरयाम्यदिक्पतिताः ॥४॥ Slokas 3-4.—Inauspicious are those trees that are thrown down by thunder-bolts, water; wind and ele- phants; those in which bees and birds have taken up their abode; those growing in sacred spots, burial grounds or roads; those that are withered at the top, and those that are entwined with creepers; so also are thorny trees; those growing at the confluence of great rivers,

Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 5-8.] एकोनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 621 or near temples and those that have fallen down in a westerly or southerly direction. प्रतिषिद्धवृक्षनिर्मितशयनासनसेवनात् कुलविनाशः । व्याधिभयव्ययकलहा भवन्त्यनर्था अनेकविधाः ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—From the use of couches and seats constructed from forbidden trees ensue the ruin of the family, diseases, danger, loss, quarrels and all sorts of disasters. पूर्वच्छिन्नं यदि वा दारु भवेत्तत्परीक्ष्यमारम्भे । यद्यारोहेत्तस्मिन् कुमारकः पुत्रपशुदं तत् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—Or, if the timber had been cut formerly, then it should be examined (if there be any signs of the forbidden variety) at the commencement of the work. Should a boy mount the timber, it will give sons and cattle. सितकुसुममत्तवारणदध्यक्षतपूर्णकुम्भरत्नानि । मङ्गल्यान्यन्यानि च दृष्ट्वारम्भे शुभं ज्ञेयम् ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—It should be known as a good token, if, at the beginning of the work, one happens to see white flowers, a rutting elephant, curds, coloured rice, full pot, gems and other auspicious articles. कर्माङ्गुलं यवाष्टकमुदरासक्तं तुषैः परित्यक्तम् । अङ्गुलशतं नृपाणां महती शय्या जयाय कृता ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—A practical digit is the distance covered by eight husked barely grains touching one another. A great couch of kings measuring one hundred digits is made for (ensuring) victory.

622 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 9-14. नवतिः सैव षडूना द्वादशहीना त्रिषट्कहीना च । नृपपुत्रमन्त्रिबलपतिपुरोधसां स्युर्यथासंख्यम् ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—The couches of the prince royal, minister, commander-in-chief of the army and royal preceptor measure in order 90 digits, 84, 78, and 72 digits. अर्धमतोऽष्टांशोनं विष्कम्भो विश्वकर्मणा प्रोक्तः । आयामत्र्यंशसमः पादोच्छ्रायः सकुक्ष्यशिराः ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—The width of a couch prescribed by Viswakarman is ⅛th less than half the length (i. e., ⁷⁄₁₆ths of the total length). The height of the legs including the swelling part (middle) and top is equal to a third of the length of the couch. यः सर्वः श्रीपर्ण्या पर्यङ्को निर्मितः स धनदाता । असनकृतो रोगहरास्तिन्दुकसारेण वित्तकरः ॥११॥ यः केवलशिशपया विनिर्मितो बहुविधं स वृद्धिकरः । चन्दनमयो रिपुघ्नो धर्मयशोदीर्घजीवितकृत् ॥१२॥ यः पद्मकपर्यङ्कः स दीर्घमायुः श्रियं श्रुतं वित्तम् । कुरुते शालेन कृतः कल्याणं शाकरचितश्च ॥१३॥ केवलचन्दनरचितं काञ्चनगुप्तं विचित्ररत्नयुतम् । अध्यासन पर्यङ्कं विबुधैरपि पूज्यते नृपतिः ॥१४॥ Slokas 11-14.—A cot constructed wholly of Sri- parni will bestow wealth; one of Asana, destroys diseases; one of the pith of ebony, gives money; one of Simsapa bestows all-round prosperity; one of Sandalwood des- troys enemies and bestows religious merit, renown and long life; one of Padmaka gives long life, prosperity, learning and money; one of Sal tree or Saka gives happiness. A king, reposing on a cot made entirely of sandalwood and covered with gold and decked with wonderful gems, will be honoured even by the Gods.