प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

Chapter X A GENERAL RESUME. CONTRIBUTIONS OF BUDDHISM TO EDUCATION—Ordination ceremony—Relations between the novice and the teacher—Education of the laity—Rise of public educational institutions due to Buddhism— Non-sectarian courses also provided for in them—Buddhism and primary education—Estimate of the contributions of the Buddhism. PERIOD-WISE SURVEY: History divided into four periods—Educa- tion in the Vedic period—The Upanishad-Sūtra age (1000 B.C. to c. 200 B.C.) a creative period—Education in this period—The period of the Dharmaśāstra (c. 200 B.C.—500 A.D.) an age of reflection and specia- lisation—The general condition of education in it—The age of the Purāṇas and Nibandhas, (c. 500-1200 A.D.)—Its achievements and limitations. Introduction : In the course of our narrative so far we have finished the history of the origin and development of the different branches of education in ancient India. We devoted separate chapters to topics like primary education, professional education, educational institutions, etc., and the treatment in each of them must have enabled the reader to visualise clearly the development and vicissitudes that took place in their connection from age to age. We also indicated at each place the contribution that Buddhism made to the development of education in ancient India. For a proper understanding of the subject it is however desirable that the reader should get a clear picture of the educational conditions as a whole in the successive periods of ancient Indian history, as also of the contribution which the Buddhism made to educa- tional theory and practice. We therefore propose to devote the present chapter for this purpose. Its first section will give a general resume of the contribution of the Buddhism to ancient Indian education and the