प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

APPENDIX IV FOUR VEDAS, SIX ANGAS, TEN GRANTHAS, FOURTEEN VIDYĀS, EIGHTEEN ŚILPAS AND SIXTY-FOUR KALĀS. In connection with the curriculum in ancient India, the above expressions are frequently used; we therefore propose to explain them briefly in this appendix. Four Vedas :—They are the Rigveda, the Yajur- veda, the Sāmaveda and the Atharvaveda. These were regarded as revealed, but there was a time when a deep prejudice was entertained against the Atharvaveda, which was therefore excluded from studies. The remaining three Vedas were therefore called Trayī. Six Angas :—These were the following; 1 Śikshā, the science of pronunciation ; Kalpa, the science of ritualism ; Vyākaraṇa, grammar; Nirukta, philology, Chandas, prosody, and Jyotisha, astronomy. Dasa Granthas :—These were the following: 1 One's own Veda 2. Its Brāhmaṇa 3 and Āraṇyaka 4 Nighaṇṭu and the six Aṅgas enumerated above. A graduate, who had mastered all these, was known as a Daśagranthī Brahmana. Fourteen Vidyas : During the Pauranic period, a person was regarded as a distinguished scholar if he had mastered fourteen Vidyās. These were usually taken to be 1-4 Vedas, 5-10 Shaḍaṅgas, 11 Dharma- śāstra (sacred and secular law) 12 Purāṇas, 13 Mīmānsā (science of exegis) and 14 Tarka (logic) 20