काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

148 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA इत्यादौ पिनाक्यादिपदवैलक्षण्येन किमिति कपाल्यादि- पदानां काव्यानुगुणत्वम् । अपि च वाच्योर्थः सर्वान् प्रतिपत्तॄन् प्रति एकरूप एवेति नियतोऽसौ । न हि ‘गतोस्तमर्कः’ इत्यादौ वाच्योर्थः क्वचिदन्यथा भवति । प्रतीयमानस्तु तत्तत्प्रकरणवक्तृप्रतिपत्त्रादिविशेष- सहायतया नानात्वं भजते । तथा च ‘गतोस्तमर्कः’ इत्यतः सपत्नं प्रत्यवस्कन्दानवसर इति अभिसरणमुपक्रम्यतामिति प्राप्तप्रायस्ते प्रेयानिति कर्मकरणात्निवर्तामह इति सांध्यो of the Begging-bowl (Śiva),'—what is that peculiar charm that is added by the use of the particular name 'kapālin' (Holder of the Begging-bowl), in preference to such other names as 'Pinākin' (Holder of the Pināka bow) ? [Both 'Kapālin' and 'Pinākin' are the names of Śiva; so that there is no difference in their denotation; and yet there is a peculiar charm in the use of the former name, which lies in its suggestion of poverty, which heightens the 'pitiable' character spoken of]. Further, the denoted meaning of a word is one and the same for all persons bearing it ; so that it is fixed and uniform ; the denoted or directly expressed meaning of the words 'the sun has set' never varies (is fixed), while its suggested meaning varies with the variation in such accessory conditions as the context, the character of the speaker, the character of the person spoken to, and so forth. For instance, the words 'the sun has set' suggests (1) the idea that 'now is the opportunity to attack the enemy' (when they are addressed by the general to the king) ;— (2) that you should set forth to meet your lover' (when addressed by the confidant to the girl in love),—(3) that 'your lover is just coming' (when addressed by a friend