काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

478 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA उपमायाम् उपमानस्य जातिप्रमाणगतन्यूनत्वम् अधिकता वा तादृशी अनुचितार्थत्वं दोषः । धर्माश्रये तु न्यूनाधिकत्वे यथा- क्रमं हीनपदत्वमधिकपदत्वं च न व्यभिचरतः ॥ क्रमेणोदाहरणम्— . चण्डालैरिव युष्माभिः साहसं परमं कृतम् ॥५८४॥ वह्निस्फुलिङ्ग इव भानुरयं चकास्ति ॥५८५॥ अयं पद्मासनासीनश्चक्रवाको विराजते । युगादौ भगवान् वेधा विनिर्मित्सुरिव प्रजाः ॥५८६॥ ‘ Deceitful people, though bearing testimony to their wicked heart, yet succeed in attracting the hearts of simple people,—just as is done by the pure and brilliant hood-gem of the serpent, and by the clear-watered streams full of alligators ’. The defect mentioned in connection with Simile is the inferiority or superiority of the object compared to (to the object compared), in point of kind and degree ;—and this is only what has been described as ‘ Impropriety’ of meaning ;—while the inferiority and superiority as regard the properties (of the two objects) do not differ from what has been described as ‘ deficiency of words ’ or ‘ redundancy of words ’. For Example— (1) [ Inferiority in kind ]— ‘ You took a very bold step, like Chaṇḍālas ’ (2) [ Inferiority in degree ]— ‘ The Sun is shining like a spark of fire ’. (3) [ Superiority in kind ]— ‘ This Chakravāka bird, seated on the lotus-seat, looks beautiful,—just like the revered Creator going to create the people at the beginning of the cycle ’.