वेदों की प्राचीनता एवं काल-निर्णय / ओरायन (लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक - खगोलीय वैदिक शोध)

APP. TO CHAP. V—THE THIRTY DAWNS. 115 ऋ॒तूनां पत्नी॑ प्रथ॒मेयमागा॒दह्नां॑ ने॒त्री ज॑नि॒त्री प्र॒जाना॑म् । एका॑ स॒ती ब॒हुधोषो॒ व्यु॑च्छ॒स्यजी॑र्णा त्वं ज॑रयसि॒ सर्व॑म॒न्यत् ॥ १५ ॥ TAITTÎRIYA SAMHITÂ KÂNDA V, PRAPÂTHAKA 3, ANUVÂKA 4, SECTION 7. न वा इदं दिवा॑ न नक्त॑मासीदव्यावृ॑त्तं ते दे॒वा ए॒ता व्यु॑ष्टीरपश्य॒न् ता उपा॑दधत॒ ततो॒ वा इदं व्यौ॑च्छ॒द्यस्यै॒ता उप॑धीय॒न्ते व्ये॑वास्मा॑ उच्छ॒त्यथो॒ तम॑ ए॒वाप॑ हते । TRANSLATION AND NOTES. Taitt. Samhitâ IV. 3, 11

1. This, verily, is She that dawned first; (she) moves entered into her (i. e. above the horizon). The bride, the new-come mother, is born. The three great ones follow her.
2. She that dawned first: evidently meaning the first of a series of thirty dawns, mentioned in the following verses. In verse 13 we are told that it is the dawn which commences the year. The thirty dawns are, therefore, the dawns at the begininng of the year, and the first of them is mentioned in the first verse. Sâyaṇa, however, says— आदिसृष्टिकाले प्रथमो यः प्रभातकालस्तद्रूपेयम्, meaning that the dawn at the beginning of the creation is her intended. But the explanation does not suit the context, and Sâyaṇa has himself given different explanations afterwards. Entered into her; according to Sâyaṇa asyâm ( into her ) means "into the earth;" compare Ṛig. III, 61, 7, where the sun, the speeder of the dawns, is said to have 'entered into the mighty earth and heaven.' According to A. V. reading the meaning would be 'en- tered into the other (dawns)," shewing that the first dawn is a member of a larger group. The three great ones: Sûrya, Vâyu and Agni according to Sâyaṇa. The three typical deities or Devatâs mentioned by Yâska (VII, 5) are Agni, Vâyu or Indra, and Sûrya. In Ṛig VII, 33, 7, the three Ghar- mas (fires) are said to attend the dawn, (trayo Gharmâsa ushasam sachante); and in VII, 78, 3, the dawns are said to have created Sûrya, Yajña (Sacrifice) and Agni. Also compare A. V. IX, 1, 8, and Bloom- field's note thereon in S. B. E. Series, Vol. XLII, p. 590. Though the three may be variously named, the reference is evidently to the rise of the sun and the commencement of sacrifices or the kindling of sacrificial fires after the first dawn, (Cf. Ṛig. I, 113, 9).