पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

X.7 X. SAURA-SIDDHĀNTA — LUNAR ECLIPSE 235 [पूर्णग्रासकालः] अन्त्याद्ययोर्विशेषा (द) वनतिविक्षेपवर्गविवरपदम् | द्विगुणं तिथिवत् कृत्वा विमर्दकालोऽर्कचन्द्रमसोः || ७ || Time of total obscuration 7. Take the difference of the angular semi-diameters, instead of their sum. Square it, subtract the square of the parallax-corrected latitude (in the case of the solar eclipse) or of the latitude (in the case of the lunar,) find the square root, double it, and treat it as tithi, (i.e. multiply by 60, and divide by the difference of the parallax-corrected daily motions for the solar eclipse, or of the mere daily motions in the case of the lunar). The time of total obscuration is got. In short, everything done for the duration, using the difference of the semi-diameters instead of the sum, is to be done for this. Halving this time and subtracting from or adding to the corrected new moon or full moon gives the first approximate times of immersion and emergence. In the case of the lunar eclipse, successive approximation should be done. In the solar eclipse this is not necessary, because the times of immersion and emergence are very close to the corrected new moon. The parallax-correction for the motion alone need be taken into account and that once for all. Another point to be noted is that, in the solar eclipse, if the Sun’s angular diameter is greater than the Moon’s, instead of a total eclipse there will be an annular (ring-like) eclipse, since the Moon will not be big enough to hide the Sun. The times got, in this case, give the beginning and end of the annular phase. Also, the given examples cannot be continued to illustrate this section, because under the conditions got there will be no total phase, since the latitudes are greater than the differ- ence of the semi-diameters. The proof of the rules given here has already been given in connection with the eclipses according to the Vāsiṣṭha and Pauliśa with graphical illustrations. Now for the text, and readings: The text does not instruct that the difference of the semi-diameters should be squared before adding to the square of the latitude. But mathematical principles indicate it, since the addition of an unsquared quantity with a squared one is unwarranted. We have corrected viśeṣāvavanati into viśeṣādavanati while TS have corrected it into viśeṣāddalanati and NP into viśeṣārdhabhapati. It is clear that they have taken more liberty with the text than necessary, and it is also purposeless. [इति पञ्चसिद्धान्तिकायां वराहमिहिरविरचितायां सूर्यसिद्धान्ते चन्द्रग्रहणं नाम दशमोऽध्यायः |]¹

1. Col. A.D. चन्द्रग्रहणं दशमोऽध्यायः; B. चन्द्रग्रहणे.दशमोध्यायः C. इति चन्द्रग्रहणं नाम दशमोऽध्यायः Thus ends Chapter Ten entitled ‘Saura-Siddhānta: Lunar Eclipse’ in the Pāñcasiddhāntikā composed by Varāhamihira 7a.b. A. अंत्याययो विंशेषाववनति; B. अताद्ययार्विशेषावनत्ति C. विशेषाद्दलनति; D. विशेषाधर्भपति b. B1.3. विचरपदं c. B1. कृचा d. B. कालो चन्द्र