पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

आसन् मघासु मुनयः शासति पृथ्वीं युधिष्ठिरे नृपतौ। षड्-द्विक-पञ्च-द्वि (२५२६) युतः शककालस्तस्य राज्ञस्य॥ = Saptarṣis (muni) were in Maghā when Yudhiṣṭhira was ruling the world. To get Śaka of that king (Yudhiṣṭhira), add 2526 (to current Śaka). Yudhiṣṭhira Śaka started on day of his coronation 17-12-3139 BC. After 5 days, Bhīṣma expired at start of north motion of sun on 22 December. 36 years after that, Kali started on 17-2-3102 BC when Kṛṣṇa left world. After fur- ther 36 years, Yudhiṣṭhira expired when Saptarṣis left Maghā after 100 year stay in that. Kota Venkatachalam takes that as start of Yudhiṣṭhira Śaka and makes Śaka of Varāhamihira from 550 BC to tally it with Persian king Darius-assuming him to be the great Śaka king. But it has been explained that Śaka year has no link with tribe. Darius was not a Śaka, nor he ever ruled India. Then it was Āndhra-Sātavāhana rule, so he has called it Āndhra- Sātavāhana Śaka also. Calculation is being given for Śaka of 612 BC and other assumed Śaka as per Jagannath-Hora software of Nara- simha Rao- (1) 612 BC-Epoch 18-2-185 BC- Chaitra śukla 1 started on 18 at 10-10-24 hrs. But sunrise at Ujjain was at 7-6-39 hrs. So date was 17-2-185 BC, Wednesday. (2) 550 BC of Darius -Epoch 5-3-124 BC- Chaitra śukla 1 from 6-44-24. Sunrise at 6-53-44 on 4 March, Thursday. (3) Vikrama Samvat of 57 BC-This is samvat, not a Śaka, still calculation is done for that as the different is not understood. Chaitra śukla 1 of 427 year on 4-3-371 AD at 2-13-54. Sunrise on 3 March Thursday at 6-51-51. (4) Śālivāhana Śaka of 78 AD-(a) 427 current (gamya) year- Chaitra śukla 1 on 20-2-505, at 8-8-08 hrs. Sunday. As sunrise was at 7-0-22 hrs, Pratipadā will be counted on next day-monday. (b) 427 lapsed (gata)- Chaitra śukla 1 on 11-3-506 at 3-14-54. Friday on 12, sunrise at 6-43-49 on 10th. Thus, the Śaka of Varāhamihira does not fit with any other year except 612 BC. 3 . Time of Brahmagupta- His father Jiṣṇugupta was a contemporary of Varāhamihira and Kālidāsa and has used the same Śaka of 612 BC, calling it Chāpa-Śaka. His father was a famous man so Brahmagupta and others have frequently called him as son of Jiṣṇugupta. Vaṭeśvara has named only his father-for criticism. ब्राह्मस्फुटसिद्धान्त, मध्यमाधिकार (१/२)- ब्रह्मोक्तं ग्रहगणितम् महताकालेन यत् खिलीभूतम्। अभिधीयते स्फुटं तज्जिष्णुसुत ब्रह्मगुप्तेन॥ वटेश्वर सिद्धान्त-ब्राह्म-स्फुटसिद्धान्त परीक्षणाध्याय दिव्यशास्त्रमपहाय यदन्यत् प्राह जिष्णुतनयो निज बुद्ध्या। तस्य शास्त्रमधिकृत्य ततोऽहं दूषणानि कतिचित् कथयामि ॥१॥ जिष्णुपुत्र कथितैर्युगाङ्घ्रिभिः खेचरो नहि यतः स्वपर्ययम्। भुञ्जते सममतो युगाङ्घ्रयः श्रीमदार्यभटकीर्तितास्फुटाः॥२॥ पुलिशरोमकसूर्यपितामहप्रकथितैर्मनुकल्पयुगाङ्घ्रिभिः। न हि समाः खलु जिष्णुसुतेरिताः कथमपीह यतो न ततः स्फुटः॥५॥ जिष्णु सुतोक्तं ब्रह्मोक्तसम्मतमित्यस्य खण्डनम्- न ब्रह्मोक्त्या घटते जिष्णुसुतोक्तं युगादि किञ्चिदपि।यस्मान्मृषैव तस्माद्ब्रह्मोक्तमिति यच्चकार तत् संज्ञम्॥१३॥ युगपादान् जिष्णुसुतस्त्रीन् यातानाह कलियुगादौ यत्। तस्य द्वापरादो युगगतयेये स्फुटे जातः॥१४॥ लङ्कासमयाम्योत्तररेखायां भास्करोदये मध्याः। जिष्णुसुतेनोक्तं यन तत्स्फुटं विषुवतोऽन्यत्र॥१५॥ न समा युगमनुकल्पाः कल्पादिगतं कृतादियातं च। ब्राह्मोक्तैर्जिष्णुसुतो नातो जानाति मध्यगतिम्॥१९॥