रत्नावली नाटिका (सम्राट हर्षवर्धन - शास्त्रीय नाटिका रत्न सम्पूर्ण ४ अङ्क सान्वय सटीक)

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x RATNAVALI “To the Brahmin ideal individuality has no appeal ; the law of life has no room for deviation from type ; the caste system is rigid and for each rank in life there is a definite round of duties whence departure is undesirable and dangerous. The drama likewise has no desire for individual figures, but only typical characters.” Classification of Sanskrit Drama—Poetry in general in Sanskrit is broadly divided in two classes दृश्य and श्रव्य. As a representa- tive art drama is called a दृश्यकाव्य which is otherwise named रूपक. रूपक is defined as—रूप्यतेऽभिनयैर्यंव वस्तु तद्रूपकं विदुः—The subject which is represented by अभिनय is called रूपक. अभिनय is again defined ‘उत्पादयन् सहृदये रसज्ञानं निरन्तरम् । अनुकर्त्तृस्थितो योऽर्थोऽभिनयः सोऽभिधीयते’— ( मन्दारमकरन्द ) Where an action imitated by the imitator arouses sentiment in the mind of a सहृदय (appreciator) it is called अभिनय which is again classified under four heads as :— आङ्गिकः (physical), वाचिकः (verbal), आहार्य्यः (acting by means of costume and makeup) and सात्त्विकः ( acting by representation of outward signs of inner emotions and feelings). The रूपक which is mainly concerned with Rasa or Sentiment is divided into ten classes as – “नाटकमथ प्रकरणं भाणव्यायोगसमवकारडिमाः । ईहामृगाङ्कवीथ्यः प्रहसनमिति रूपकाणि दश ॥” Besides the रूपकs there are eighteen kinds of उपरूपकs (as नाटिका त्रोटक' गोष्ठी सट्टक' नाट्यरासकम् etc ) अष्टादश प्राहुरुपरूपकाणि मनीषिणः ॥ साः दः (६) रत्नावली is a नाटिका, विक्रमोर्व्वशी is a त्रोटक, कर्पूरमञ्जरी is a सट्टक etc. It is said that except their own individual characteristics all the रूपकs and उपरूपकs will follow the general characteristics of नाटक which is the typical form of रूपक ; cf. विना विशेष' सर्वेषां लक्ष्म नाटकवन्मतम् ”—साः दः । The general characteristics of a नाटक as given in the sixth chapter of साहित्यदर्पण can be broadly divided into three heads :—(1) Plot, (2) Hero, and (3) Sentiment. (1) The plot of the drama should be based upon a story derived from some authoritative work ( ख्यातवृत्त ), with five sandhis