भारतीय इतिहास के ६ स्वर्णिम पृष्ठ (वीर सावरकर - विदेशी आक्रान्ताओं पर विजय गाथा)

status for all in order to belittle the Hindus on that account, they were not altogether free from those caste differences. These distinctions were on the contrary, far too pronounced amongst them and caused a good deal of trouble. 694. Shortness of space compels us to refer the reader to a chapter in our book, ‘Essay on Abolition of Castes’ (जात्युच्छेदक निबंध) named ‘Sects and Factions Amongst the Muslims’. 695. In the end, the Turkish noblemen rose in rebellion against the Negro J alaluddin and Sultana Razia under the leadership of Altunia, the governor of Sarhind, and defeated Razia in a battle, whereupon, Razia cast her spell upon the victor Altunia and married him. The newly-wedded couple marched on Delhi once again, but were defeated and killed by the noblemen and the army there. After considerable court intrigues and plots, and counter-plots a nobleman named ‘Bulban’, usurped the throne and became the Sultan of Delhi. Mongol Raids—Chengeezkhan 696. During the reign of this very slave dynasty, Mongol raids on India’s farthest borders through Central Asia were causing constant trouble. Like whirlwinds, great armies from Mongolia who had not so far sworn their allegiance to Islam, went on trampling over, and crushing, all the nations and countries from the Pacific to the Black Sea. Their leader, in those days, was the world-famous Chengeezkhan, who till the last moment of his life, heaped all possible ignominies and insults on the Muslim and Arab States and the Muslim religion. He deposed and killed the Khaliph of Baghdad, whom the Muslims highly respected as the political and religious representative of God, and razed to the ground the city of Baghdad. Yet the Allah could do absolutely nothing against him. With his ploughshare of destruction, he furrowed the vast territory right up to Russia without the least obstruction; he overthrew the kingdom of Kiev in Russia, ravaged the whole tract straight up to the Black Sea with massacre, plunder, arson and annexed it to his trans- continental empire. But no power on this vast earth dared restrain this destructive hand of Chengeezkhan! On their way back from Russia, these Mongol armies were obviously to dash violently against India. But quite mysteriously, he went straight off to Mongolia, after first subduing the Muslim kingdom of Ghazni and quite suddenly died there in A.D. 1227. Later on, this extensive empire passed into the hands of one of this Mongol race—Kublai Khan. These Mongols had already reduced the whole of China