द ब्यूटीफुल ट्री: १८वीं सदी में भारत की स्वदेशी गुरुकुल शिक्षा (धर्मपाल)

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XI COLLECTOR, MADRAS TO BOARD OF REVENUE: 13.11.1822 (TNSA: BRP: Vol.931, Pro.14.11.1822 pp.10, 512-13 No.57-8)

1. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter under date the 25th July last, with one from government and to forward the statement therein called for.
2. Adverting to the Orders of Government above referred to I beg leave to submit the information I have been able to obtain on the several questions connected with the system of education adopted in this Collectorate.
3. The schools enumerated in the statement comprise only those in which the various descriptions of the Hindoo and Mussulman children are educated.
4. These children are sent to school when they are above five years old and their continuance in it depends in a great measure on their mental faculties, but it is generally admitted that before they attain their thirteenth year of age, their acquire- ment in the various branches of learning are uncommonly great, a circumstance very justly ascribed to an emulation and perse- verance peculiar only to the Hindoo castes.
5. Astronomy, Astrology, etc., are in some instances taught to the children of the poorer class of Bramins gratis, and in certain few cases an allowance is given proportionate to the circumstances of the parents or guardians.
6. In this Collectorate there are no schools endowed by the public. Those denominated ‘Charity schools’ include a few insti- tutions of that description under the immediate control of the missionary society. The scholars in them are therefore of various sects and persuasions.
7. These Charity schools are abolished at the pleasure of their supporters.
8. The allowances paid to each of the teachers in a school seldom exceed 12 pagodas per annum for every scholar. Madras Cutcherry, L.G.K. Murray, 13th November 1822. Collector. (Statement on next page) 129

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XII PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT TO BOARD OF REVENUE: 3.3.1823 (TNSA: BRP: Vol.944, Pro.10.3.1823, pp.2806-16 No.20-1)

1. Accompanying I have the honor to forward a statement of the colleges and other institutions in this District for the education of pupils.
2. In addition to the Form received with your Secretary’s letter I have prepared an abstract, showing the different descriptions of these institutions, and the means by which they are supported.
3. Those receiving endowments from the government are as follows. The Persian schools at Arcot, mention of which was made in Mr Chamier’s letter, transmitted by me to your Board under date 10th December 1822.
4. Some colleges (28) are established in different parts of the district, the expenses of which are defrayed from Mauneoms and Mairas, which have been granted by former governments on this account, and which are still appropriated to these purposes, the total of their amount is Rs.516-11-9.
5. A Persian School in the Sautgud talook is also supported on the grant of a Yeomiah of ¼ rupee per diem, where about 8 scholars are instructed in the Persian language, and a trifling Maira of rupees 5-8-4 is received for one of the colleges in the talook of Cauvareepauk. These form the whole of the expense defrayed by government on this account.
6. Certain of the institutions from different branches of learning will be seen entered as free of charge, these are conducted by persons of some acquirements and who voluntarily give up a part of their time for this purpose, but the greater portion of the seminaries are instituted by those gaining their livelihood by this means, and rates of charge are very variable, being according to the nature of the studies, or the means of the parties. 131

7. The Tamil, Taloogoo and Hindwy schools are the most extensive; to these the scholars are sent generally about the age of 5 and in the course of five or six years are generally found sufficiently forward to commence by assisting in the preparation or copying of the accounts, according to their different walks in life, sometimes as volunteers in the public Cutcherries or in the situations with Curnums, Shroffs, Merchants or others, whence they graduate to situations in the public service or their he- reditary occupations. Collector’s Cutcherry William Cooke, 3rd March, 1823. Principal Collector. (Statements on following pages) 132

STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF NATIVE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES IN EACH DISTRICT OF THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF ARCOT AND OF THE NUMBER OF SCHOLARS

Name of the Schools & Colleges Bramin Scholars Vysea Scholars Soodra Scholars District S C T M F T M F T M F T

Chittoor Talook (Audayanum — 1 1 8 — 8 — — — — — — (Hindoovee 3 — 3 28 — 28 1 — 1 3 — 3 (Teloogoo 18 — 18 15 — 15 33 — 33 135 2 137 (Tamul 7 — 7 — — — — — — 72 — 72 (Persian 1 — 1 — — — — — — — — — (English 1 — 1 2 — 2 — — — 3 — 3

30 1 31 53 — 53 34 — 34 213 2 215

Tiruputty Talook (Audayanum — 2 2 57 — 57 — — — — — — (Hindoovee 1 — 1 5 — 5 — — — — — — (Teloogoo 16 — 16 48 — 48 51 — 51 160 — 160

17 2 19 110 — 110 51 — 51 160 — 160

Cauvarepauk (Audayanum — 9 9 69 — 69 — — — — — — Talook (Sausrapautum — 3 3 34 — 34 — — — — — — (Hindoovee 1 — 1 3 — 3 — — — 10 — 10 (Teloogoo 23 — 23 43 — 43 36 — 36 191 11 202 (Tamul 40 — 40 30 — 30 39 — 39 426 3 429 (Persian 6 — 6 — — — — — — 2 — 2 (English 1 — 1 — — — — — — 5 — 5

71 12 83 179 — 179 75 — 75 634 14 648

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Name of the All other Castes Grand Total Musulman Total Hindoos & District Scholars Musalman M F T M F T M F T M F T

Chittoor Talook (Audayanum — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8 (Hindoovee — — — 32 — 32 — — — 32 — 32 (Teloogoo — — — 183 2 185 4 — 4 187 2 189 (Tamul — — — 72 — 72 — — — 72 — 72 (Persian — — — — — — 5 — 5 5 — 5 (English — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5

— — — 300 2 302 9 — 9 309 2 311

Tiruputty Talook (Audayanum — — — 57 — 57 — — — 57 — 57 (Hindoovee — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5 (Teloogoo 19 — 19 278 — 278 10 — 10 288 — 288

19 — 19 340 — 340 10 — 10 350 — 350

Cauverepauk (Audayanum — — — 69 — 69 — — — 69 — 69 Talook (Sausrapautum — — — 34 — 34 — — — 34 — 34 (Hindoovee — — — 13 — 13 — — — 13 — 13 (Teloogoo 91 1 92 361 12 373 1 — 1 362 12 374 (Tamul 46 — 46 541 3 544 4 — 4 545 3 548 (Persian — — — 2 — 2 66 — 66 68 — 68 (English — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5

137 1 138 1025 15 1040 71 — 71 1096 15 1111

(Other talooks follow)

135 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Sholungeer Talook (Audayanum – 5 5 34 – 34 – – – – – – (Saustrapautum – 7 7 23 – 23 – – – – – – (Ganetesaaustrum – 2 2 3 – 3 – – – – – – (Hindoovee 1 – 1 6 – 6 – – – – – – (Teloogoo 16 – 16 29 – 29 8 – 8 83 – 83 (Tamul 19 – 19 19 – 19 7 – 7 183 – 183 (Persian 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – 38 14 52 114 – 114 15 – 15 266 – 266 Tiruvullum Talook (Audayanum – 6 6 20 – 20 – – – – – – (Hindoovee 1 – 1 2 – 2 – – – – – – (Teloogoo 4 – 4 12 – 12 9 – 9 10 – 10 (Tamul 18 – 18 16 – 16 16 – 16 110 – 110 23 6 29 50 – 50 25 – 25 120 – 120 Sautgud Talook (Audayanum – 1 1 9 – 9 – – – – – – (Pautasalah – 4 4 13 – 13 – – – – – – (Grenthum 1 – 1 8 – 8 – – – – – – (Teloogoo 6 – 6 7 – 7 6 – 6 20 – 20 (Tamul 14 – 14 12 1 13 7 – 7 88 – 88 (Persian 10 – 10 – – – – – – – – – 31 5 36 49 1 50 13 – 13 108 – 108 Cuddapattum (Teloogoo 16 – 16 16 – 16 36 – 36 43 – 43 Talook

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(1) (2) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)

Sholungeer Talook (Audayanum — — — 34 — 34 — — — 34 — 34 (Saustrapautum — — — 23 — 23 — — — 23 — 23 (Ganetesasutrum — — — 6 — 6 — — — 3 — 3 (Hindoovee — — — 3 — 3 — — — 6 — 6 (Teloogoo — — — 120 — 120 — — — 120 — 120 (Tamul 3 — 3 212 — 212 1 — 1 213 — 213 (Persian — — — — — — 9 — 9 9 — 9

3 — 3 398 — 398 10 — 10 408 — 408

Tiruvullum Talook (Audayanum — — — 20 — 20 — — — 20 — 20 (Hindoovee — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2 (Teloogoo 9 — 9 40 — 40 — — — 40 — 40 (Tamul 19 — 19 161 — 161 15 — 15 176 — 176

28 — 28 223 — 223 15 — 15 238 — 238

Sautgud Talook (Audayanum — — — 9 — 9 — — — 9 — 9 (Pautasalah — — — 13 — 13 — — — 13 — 13 (Grenthum — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8 (Teloogoo 14 3 17 47 3 50 — — — 47 3 50 (Tamul 1 — 1 108 1 109 29 — 29 137 1 138 (Persian — — — — — — 110 5 115 110 5 115

15 3 18 185 4 189 139 5 144 324 9 333

Cuddapattum Talook (Teloogoo 33 — 33 128 — 128 — — — 128 — 128 (Other talooks follow)

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(Cols. 15-26 on next page)

(1) (2) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) Arcot Talook (Audayanum — — — 16 — 16 — — — 16 — 16 (Saustrapautum — — — 28 — 28 — — — 28 — 28 (Hindoovee 17 — 17 29 — 29 — — — 29 — 29 (Teloogoo 8 1 9 169 1 170 — — — 169 1 170 (Tamul 63 — 63 773 — 773 8 — 8 781 — 781 (Persian — — — — — — 96 — 96 96 — 96 (English — — — 17 — 17 — — — 17 — 17 88 1 89 1032 1 1033 104 — 104 1136 1 1137 Pullecondah (Audayanum — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2 Talook (Hindoovee — — — 25 — 25 — — — 25 — 25 (Teloogoo 11 — 11 208 11 219 12 — 12 220 11 231 (Tamul 17 1 18 848 2 850 64 — 64 912 2 914 (Persian — — — — — — 81 4 85 81 4 85 (English — — — 32 — 32 2 — 2 34 — 34 28 1 29 1115 13 1128 159 4 163 1274 17 1291 Terwvttoor Talook (Audayanum — — — 16 — 16 — — — 16 — 16 (Pautasalah — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2 (Hindoovee — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8 (Teloogoo — — — 76 4 80 — — — 76 4 80 (Tamul 1 — 1 600 — 600 — — — 600 — 600 1 — 1 702 4 706 — — — 702 4 706 (Other talooks follow) 138

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Poloor Talook (Audayanum — 1 1 9 — 9 — — — — — — (Saustrapautum — — — 4 — 4 — — — — — — (Teloogoo 1 — 1 11 — 11 5 — 5 4 — 4 (Tamul 48 — 48 29 — 29 42 — 42 414 — 14 (English 2 — 2 — — — — — — — — — 51 1 52 53 — 53 47 — 47 418 — 418 Wundawash (Audayanum — 6 6 38 — 38 — — — — — — Talook (Saustrapautam — 2 2 6 — 6 — — — — — — (Teloogoo 9 — 9 29 — 29 5 — 5 33 — 33 (Tamul 47 — 47 31 — 31 8 — 8 404 — 404 56 8 64 104 — 104 13 — 13 437 — 437 Sutawaid Talook (Audayanum — 3 3 6 — 6 — — — — — — (Saustrapautum — — — 2 — 2 — — — — — — (Teloogoo 15 — 15 25 — 25 45 — 45 25 — 25 (Tamul 10 — 10 — — — 39 — 39 12 — 12 25 3 28 33 — 33 84 — 84 37 — 37 Bungauree Talook (Audayanum — 2 2 8 — 8 — — — — — — (Caveapautum — 1 1 1 — 1 — — — — — — (Teloogoo 9 — 9 19 — 19 25 — 25 25 — 25 (Tamul 1 — 1 — — — — — — 4 — 4 10 3 13 28 — 28 25 — 25 29 — 29 (Cols. 15-26 on next page) 139