बीजगणितम् (भास्कराचार्य द्वितीय - प्राचीन भारतीय समीकरण एवं बीजगणित सूत्र सटीक)

marks? Second fraction numerator: इ with three vertical marks? Wait, look at line 22: First fraction numerator: इ with two vertical marks. Second fraction numerator: इ with three vertical marks. Wait! Could it be इ² and इ³ written with primes/tally marks: इ″ and इ‴? Or is it इ with Roman numerals: इᴵᴵ, इᴵᴵᴵ? Wait, let's look at how exponents are written: In line 13: या² (with a small 2 or २) In line 15: या² = इ². नी² Wait, in line 15, इ² is written with a Devanagari २ or Arabic 2? Look at line 15: इ with a small २ above/beside it! Now look at line 20: Above the first fraction, it has three dots: two dots side by side, or two vertical strokes? It looks like two vertical strokes: ″ or ॥! And above the second fraction, it has three vertical strokes: ‴! Wait, could it be इ″ and इ‴ representing second and third optional values, or powers? Wait, look at line 20: का = पी + (इ″/इ) - (इ‴/इ)