बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

618 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 19-23. duces indistinct sounds, besides those who in the Chap- ter on the signs of women have been declared sinful : with none of the above women should a man play the act of Cupid. From the above remarks, it is quite clear that this is meant only for kings to follow. शशशोणितसङ्काशं लाक्षारससन्निकाशमथवा यत् । प्रक्षालितं विरज्यति यच्चासृक् तद्भवेच्छुद्धम् ॥१९॥ यच्छब्दवेदनावर्र्जितं त्र्यहात् संनिवर्त्तते रक्तम् । तत्पुरुषसम्प्रयोगादविचारं गर्भतां याति ॥२०॥ Slokas 19-20.—The menstrual blood is sound if it is tinged like hare's blood, or lac, and fades after wash- ing. (That is, fit for impregnation). Such blood not attended with noise and pain, and ceasing to flow after three days, will undoubtedly develop into an embryo after union with man. न दिनत्रयं निषेव्यं स्नानं माल्यानुलेपनं स्त्रीभिः । स्नायाच्चतुर्थदिवसे शास्त्रोक्तेनोपदेशेन ॥२१॥ पुण्यस्नानौषधयो याः कथितास्ताभिरम्बुमिश्राभिः । स्नायात्तथात्र मन्त्रः स एव यस्तत्र निर्दिष्टः ॥२२॥ Slokas 21-22.—A woman in menses should not bathe, not wear wreaths of flowers, nor anoint her body. She should bathe on the fourth day according to the man- dates of the Sastras. She should use for her bath the herbs enumerated in the Chapter on 'Royal ablutions' (Ch. 48) mixed with water, and the same hymn men- tioned there will have to be used here too. युग्मासु किल मनुष्या निशासु नार्यो भवन्ति विषमासु । दीर्घायुषः सुरूपाः सुखिनश्च विकृष्टयुग्मासु ॥२३॥

Adh. LXXVIII. Sl. 24-26.] अष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः 619 Sloka 23.—They say that sexual union on even nights (after menses) procreates males, while on odd nights, females. On distant even nights, it leads to the birth of children who will be long-lived, handsome and happy. Probably the second half gives the author's own opinion in which distant even nights are good for future issue. दक्षिणपार्श्वे पुरुषो वामे नारी यमावुभयसंस्थौ ॥ यदुदरमध्योपगतं नपुंसकं तन्निबोद्धव्यम् ॥२४॥ Sloka 24.—A foetus situated in the right side of the womb will be a male; while one on the left, a female. One situated on both the sides will be twins and one in the middle is to be understood to be a eunuch. केन्द्रत्रिकोणेषु शुभस्थितेषु लग्ने शशाङ्के च शुभैः समेते । पापैस्त्रिलाभारिगतैश्च यायात्पुंजन्यमयोगेषु च सम्प्रयोगम् ॥२५॥ Sloka 25.—A man ought to have sexual union with his wife when the Kendras and the Trikona houses are occupied by benefics, when the Moon and the Lagna are conjoined with benefics, when malefics are posited in the 3rd, 6th and 11th houses and when there are planetary combinations ensuring the birth of a male. For पुंजन्यमयोग, vide बृ. जा. IV-11. न नखदशनविक्षतानि कुर्यादृत्तुसमये पुरुषः स्त्रियाः कथञ्चित । ऋतुरपि दश षट् च वासराणि प्रथमानिशात्रितयं न तत्र गम्यम् ॥ Sloka 26.—A man should on no account make marks on his wife's body with his nails and teeth during her period of impregnation. Such a period lasts for sixteen days, of which the first three nights are unfit for union.

620 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 1-4. These ideas are described at length in works on Ayurveda such as अष्टाङ्गहृदय. Thus ends the 78th Adhyaya on "the Union of Man and Woman." ————— शय्यासनलक्षणम् ॥७९॥ Signs of Couches and Seats. सर्वस्य सर्वकालं यस्मादुपयोगमेति शास्त्रमिदम् । राज्ञां विशेषतोऽतः शयनासनलक्षणं वक्ष्ये ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—Since this science dealing with the signs of couches and seats is useful for all persons at all times, especially for kings, I shall now expound it. असनस्पन्दनचन्दनहरिद्रुसुरदारुतिन्दुकिाशालाः । कश्मर्यञ्जनपद्मकशाका वा शिंशपा च शुभाः ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—Trees recommended for the construction of beds and seats are Asana, Spandana, Sandal-tree, Haridra, Deodar, Tinduka, Sal, Kasmari, Arjuna, Pad- maka, Saka and Simsapa. अशनिजलानिलहस्तिप्रपातिता मधुविहङ्गकृतनिलयाः । चैत्यश्मशानपथिजोर्ध्वशुष्कवल्लीनिबद्धाश्च ॥३॥ कण्टकिनो ये च स्युर्महानदीसङ्गमोद्भवा ये च । सुरभवनजाश्च न शुभा ये चापरयाम्यदिक्पतिताः ॥४॥ Slokas 3-4.—Inauspicious are those trees that are thrown down by thunder-bolts, water; wind and ele- phants; those in which bees and birds have taken up their abode; those growing in sacred spots, burial grounds or roads; those that are withered at the top, and those that are entwined with creepers; so also are thorny trees; those growing at the confluence of great rivers,

Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 5-8.] एकोनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 621 or near temples and those that have fallen down in a westerly or southerly direction. प्रतिषिद्धवृक्षनिर्मितशयनासनसेवनात् कुलविनाशः । व्याधिभयव्ययकलहा भवन्त्यनर्था अनेकविधाः ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—From the use of couches and seats constructed from forbidden trees ensue the ruin of the family, diseases, danger, loss, quarrels and all sorts of disasters. पूर्वच्छिन्नं यदि वा दारु भवेत्तत्परीक्ष्यमारम्भे । यद्यारोहेत्तस्मिन् कुमारकः पुत्रपशुदं तत् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—Or, if the timber had been cut formerly, then it should be examined (if there be any signs of the forbidden variety) at the commencement of the work. Should a boy mount the timber, it will give sons and cattle. सितकुसुममत्तवारणदध्यक्षतपूर्णकुम्भरत्नानि । मङ्गल्यान्यन्यानि च दृष्ट्वारम्भे शुभं ज्ञेयम् ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—It should be known as a good token, if, at the beginning of the work, one happens to see white flowers, a rutting elephant, curds, coloured rice, full pot, gems and other auspicious articles. कर्माङ्गुलं यवाष्टकमुदरासक्तं तुषैः परित्यक्तम् । अङ्गुलशतं नृपाणां महती शय्या जयाय कृता ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—A practical digit is the distance covered by eight husked barely grains touching one another. A great couch of kings measuring one hundred digits is made for (ensuring) victory.

622 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 9-14. नवतिः सैव षडूना द्वादशहीना त्रिषट्कहीना च । नृपपुत्रमन्त्रिबलपतिपुरोधसां स्युर्यथासंख्यम् ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—The couches of the prince royal, minister, commander-in-chief of the army and royal preceptor measure in order 90 digits, 84, 78, and 72 digits. अर्धमतोऽष्टांशोनं विष्कम्भो विश्वकर्मणा प्रोक्तः । आयामत्र्यंशसमः पादोच्छ्रायः सकुक्ष्यशिराः ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—The width of a couch prescribed by Viswakarman is ⅛th less than half the length (i. e., ⁷⁄₁₆ths of the total length). The height of the legs including the swelling part (middle) and top is equal to a third of the length of the couch. यः सर्वः श्रीपर्ण्या पर्यङ्को निर्मितः स धनदाता । असनकृतो रोगहरास्तिन्दुकसारेण वित्तकरः ॥११॥ यः केवलशिशपया विनिर्मितो बहुविधं स वृद्धिकरः । चन्दनमयो रिपुघ्नो धर्मयशोदीर्घजीवितकृत् ॥१२॥ यः पद्मकपर्यङ्कः स दीर्घमायुः श्रियं श्रुतं वित्तम् । कुरुते शालेन कृतः कल्याणं शाकरचितश्च ॥१३॥ केवलचन्दनरचितं काञ्चनगुप्तं विचित्ररत्नयुतम् । अध्यासन पर्यङ्कं विबुधैरपि पूज्यते नृपतिः ॥१४॥ Slokas 11-14.—A cot constructed wholly of Sri- parni will bestow wealth; one of Asana, destroys diseases; one of the pith of ebony, gives money; one of Simsapa bestows all-round prosperity; one of Sandalwood des- troys enemies and bestows religious merit, renown and long life; one of Padmaka gives long life, prosperity, learning and money; one of Sal tree or Saka gives happiness. A king, reposing on a cot made entirely of sandalwood and covered with gold and decked with wonderful gems, will be honoured even by the Gods.

Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 15-20.] एकोनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः • 623 अन्येन समायुक्ता न तिन्दुको शिंशपा च शुभफलदा । न श्रीपर्णेन च देवदारुवृक्षो न चाप्यसनः ॥१५॥ शुभदौ तु शालशाकौ परस्परं संयुतौ पृथक् चैव ॥ तद्वत् पृथक् प्रशस्तौ सहितौ च हरिद्रककदम्बौ ॥१६॥ सर्वः स्पन्दनरचितो न शुभः प्राणान् हिनस्ति चाम्बकृतः । असनोऽन्यदारुसहितः क्षिप्रं दोषान् करोति बहून् ॥१७॥ अम्बस्पन्दनचन्दनवृक्षाणां स्पन्दनाच्छुभाः पादाः । फलतरुणा शयनासनमिष्टफलं भवति सर्वेण ॥१८॥ Slokas 15-18.—A couch made of Tinduki or Sim- supa with some other timber will not yield good results ; so too is one of Deodar or Asana with Sriparna. Sal and Saka on the one hand and Haridraka and Kadamba on the other, are good, whether used jointly or separately. A cot wholly made of Spandana or Amba tree is not aus- picious, since it destroys life ; one of Asana coupled with other timber produces immediately various troubles. It is beneficial to have the legs of Spandana tree for couches made of Amba, Spandana and Chandana. Couches and seats made of any fruit-tree will have favourable effect. गजदन्तः सर्वेषां प्रोक्ततरूणां प्रशस्यते योगे । कार्योंऽलङ्कारविधिर्गजदन्तेन प्रशस्तेन ॥१९॥ Sloka 19.—Elephant's tusk is highly commended for use in the construction of couches, etc. in combina- tion with any of the above trees ; so that decorations may be made with good ivory. दन्तस्य मूलपरिधिं द्विरायतं प्रोज्झ्य कल्पयेच्छेषम् । अधिकमनूपचराणां न्यूनं गिरिचारिणां किञ्चित् ॥२०॥

624 . बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 21-25. Sloka 20.—Cut off a length (from the bottom) equal to twice the circumference of the tusk at the bottom and use the remainder for purposes of embellishment. A little more of it will have to be cut off in the case of elephants haunting marshy places, and a little less in the case of those haunting mountainous tracts. श्रीवृक्षवर्धमानच्छत्रध्वजचामरानुरूपेषु । छेदे दृष्टेष्वारोग्यविजयधनवृद्धिसौख्यानि ॥२१॥ प्रहरणसदृशेषु जयो नन्द्यावर्त्ते प्रनष्टदेशाप्तिः । लोष्टे तु लब्धपूर्वस्य भवति देशस्य सम्प्राप्तिः ॥२२॥ स्त्रीरूपे धननाशो भृङ्गारेऽभ्युत्थिते सुतोत्पत्तिः । कुम्भेन निधिप्राप्तिर्यात्राविघ्नं च दण्डेन ॥२३॥ कृकलासकपिभुजङ्गेष्वसुभिक्षव्याधयो रिपुवशित्वम् । गृध्रोलूकध्वाङ्क्षश्येनाकारेषु जनमरकः ॥२४॥ पाशेऽथवा कबन्धे नृपमृत्युर्जनविपत् सुते रक्ते । कृष्णे श्यावे रूक्षे दुर्गन्धे चाशुभं भवति ॥२५॥ Slokas 21-25.—When cutting the tusk, if figures resembling Bilwa trees, Vardhamana, umbre la, banner and chowries appear, sound health, victory, increase of wealth and happiness are to be expected. A figure simi- lar to a weapon gives victory ; one like a spiral turning to the right, recovery of lost lands ; one like a clod, com- plete possession of a country conquered before ; one like a woman, loss of wealth ; one like a vase, birth of a son; one like a pot, acquisition of a treasure ; one like a rod, obstacle to a journey ; those like chameleons, monkeys and serpents, famine, disease, and oppression by a foe ; those like eagles, owls, crows and hawks, pestilence ; one like a noose or a truncated body, bodes the king's death,

Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 26-28.] एकोनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 625 If blood comes out from the cut, there will be calamity to the people; if the cut be dark, grey, rough and bad- smelling, disaster is near. शुक्लः समः सुगन्धिः स्निग्धश्च शुभावहो भवेच्छेदः । अशुभशुभच्छेदा ये शयनेष्वपि ते तथा फलदाः ॥२६॥ Sloka 26.—A cut that is white, even, fine-smelling, and glossy leads to prosperity; just as auspicious and in- auspicious cuts produce good and bad results, even so do the trees used for couches. ईषायोगे दारु प्रदक्षिणाग्रं प्रशस्तमाचार्यैः । अपसव्यैकदिगग्रे भवति भयं भूतसञ्जनितम् ॥२७॥ Sloka 27.—In fitting up the frame of the couch, the tips of the beams should be laid in a direction from left to right; so say the ancient seers. If they be laid contrariwise, or all turned to one direction, there would be danger from devils. ईषा is the frame consisting of two short beams, one on the headside, and the other on the footside, and two others on the two sides. The side beams are fixed into the two other smaller beams. In doing so take the head side where the foot of the beam faces north and tip, the south, the foot of ths southern beam should be fixed into the tip of the first beam, and so on, This is called प्रदक्षिणाग्र. The tips of both the beams should not be put together. एकेनावाक्शिरसा भवति हि पादेन पादवैकल्यम् । द्वाभ्यां न जीर्यतेऽन्नं त्रिचतुर्भिः क्लेशवधबन्धाः ॥२८॥ Sloka 28.—If one of the legs is put topsy-turvy, the owner will have one of his feet crippled; If two, he can- not digest his food; and if three or four, he will have misery, death and captivity, Here 'topsy-turvy' is used in respect of the timber and not the leg as such. बृ सं 79

626 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 29-35. सुषिरेंऽथवा विवर्णे ग्रन्थौ पादस्य शीर्षगे व्याधिः । पादे कुम्भो यश्च ग्रन्थौ तस्मिन्नुदररोगः ॥२९॥ कुम्भाधस्ताज्जङ्घा तत्र कृतो जङ्घयोः करोति भयम् । तस्याश्चाधारोऽधः क्षयकृद्द्रव्यस्य तत्र कृतः ॥३०॥ खुरदेशे यो ग्रन्थिः खुरिणां पीडाकरः स निर्दिष्टः । ईषाशीर्षण्योश्च त्रिभागसंस्थो भवेन्न शुभः ॥३१॥ Slokas 29-31.—If there is a hollow or a discoloured knot in the upper part of the leg, the owner will have cerebral disease. If there is such a knot in its pot, he will have stomach trouble; if in the shank-like part be- low the pot, danger to his shanks; if in the support be- neath that, loss of wealth; if in the hoof, trouble to the hoofed animals. Inauspicious also is a knot occurring at a third of the length of the side-beams and cross-beams. निष्कुटमथ कोलाक्षं सूकरनयनं च वत्सनाभं च । कालकमन्यद्धुन्धुकमिति कथितश्छिद्रसङ्क्षेपः ॥३२॥ Sloka 32.—The different kinds of blemishes (holes) in the wood may be summed up in the following list :— Nishkuta (cavity), Kolaksha (boar's eye), Sukaranayana (hog's eye), Vatsanabha (calf's navel), Kalaka (dark spot) and Dhundhuka (cut dark spot). घटवत् सुषिरं मध्ये सङ्कटमास्ये च निष्कुटं छिद्रम् । निष्पावमाषमात्रं नीलं छिद्रं च कोलाक्षम् ॥३३॥ सूकरनयनं विषमं विवर्णमध्यर्धपर्वदीर्घं च । वामावर्त्तं भिन्नं पर्वमितं वत्सनाभाख्यम् ॥३४॥ कालकसञ्ज्ञं कृष्णं धुन्धुकमिति यद्भवद्विधिनिर्मुक्तम् । दारुसवर्णं छिद्रं न तथा पापं समुद्दिष्टम् ॥३५॥

Adh. LXXIX. Sl. 36-39.] एकोनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 627 Slokas 33-35.—The blemish called Nishkuta (cavity) is like a pot, hollow in the middle and narrow at the mouth ; the second, Kolaksha is blue and like a grain of black gram ; the third, Sukaranayana, is uneven, dis- coloured and extending over one joint and a half ; the fourth—Vatsanabha—is a spot running from left to right, broken and extending over one joint; the fifth, Kalaka, is a black spot ; and the sixth (धुन्धुक) is also dark, but cut. A faulty spot having the same colour as the wood itself is not deemed so harmful. निष्कुटसञ्ज्ञे द्रव्यक्षयस्तु कोलेक्षणे कुलध्वंसः । शस्त्रभयं सूकरके रोगभयं वत्सनाभाख्ये ॥३६॥ कालकधुन्धुकसञ्ज्ञं कीटैर्विद्धं च न शुभदं छिद्रम् । सर्वं ग्रन्थिप्रचुरं सर्वत्र न शोभनं दारु ॥३७॥ Slokas 36-37.—The blemish going by the name of Nishkuta causes loss of wealth ; Kolaksha, ruin of the family ; Sukara, danger from weapons ; Vatsanabha, danger from disease. The last two blemishes and a spot bored by insects are not auspicious. In general, timber full of knots is never good. एकद्रुमेण धन्यं वृक्षद्वयनिर्मितं च धन्यतरम् । त्रिभिरात्मजवृद्धिकरं चतुर्भिरर्थं यशश्चाग्र्यम् ॥३८॥ पञ्चवनस्पतिरचिते पञ्चत्वं याति तत्र यः शेते । षट्सप्ताष्टतरूणां काष्ठैर्घटिते कुलविनाशः ॥३९॥ Slokas 38-39.—A couch or seat made from one kind of timber is blessed ; more blessed is the one made from two kinds of timber ; one of three kinds leads to the prosperity of one's children ; one of four kinds, to wealth and foremost renown. One made from five kinds

628 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXX. Sl. 1-4. of timber causes the death of the person who sleeps on it ; and one of six, seven or eight kinds, the ruin of the family. Thus ends the 79th Adhyaya on " Signs of Couches and Seats.' रत्नपरीक्षा ॥८०॥ Examination Of Gems. रत्नेन शुभेन शुभं भवति नृपाणामनिष्टमशुभेन । यस्मादतः परीक्ष्यं दैवं रत्नाश्रितं तज्ज्ञैः ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—A jewel endowed with good characteris- tics ensures good luck to kings ; and one with bad ones, disaster. Hence the connoisseurs should examine their fortune as connected with jewels. द्विपहयवनितादीनां स्वगुणविशेषेण रत्नशब्दोऽस्ति । इह तूपलरत्नानामधिकारो वज्रपूर्वाणाम् ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—The word gem is applied to elephants, horses, women and so on, on account of the excellence of their intrinsic merits ; but here are dealt with precious stones, such as diamonds. रत्नानि बलाद्दैत्यादृषीचितोऽन्ये वदन्ति जातानि । केचिद्भूवः स्वभावाद्वैचित्र्यं प्राहुरुपलानाम् ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—Gems, they say, were born of the bones of the demon Bala ; while others state that they were born of sage Dadheechi ; yet others there are who say that the wonderful variety of gems is caused by the cha- racteristic qualities of the earth. वज्रेन्द्रनीलमरकतकेंकेतरपद्मरागरुधिराख्याः । वैडूर्यपुलकविमलकराजमणिस्फटिकशशिकान्ताः ॥४॥

Adh. LXXX. Sl. 5-10 ] अशीतितमोऽध्यायः 629 सौगन्धिकगोमेदकशङ्खमहानीलपुष्परागाख्याः । ब्रह्ममणिज्योतीरससस्यकमुक्ताप्रवालानि ॥५॥ Slokas 4-5.—The following are the gems :--Dia- mond, Sapphire, Emerald, Agate, Ruby, Blood-stone, Beryl, Amethyst, Vimalaka, Royal gem (quartz ?), crys- tal, Moon-gem, Saugandhika, Opal, Conch, Azure-stone, Topaz, Brahma-gem, Jyoteerasa, Sasyaka, Pearl and Coral. वेणातटे विशुद्धं शिरीषकुसुमप्रभं च कौशालकम् । सौराष्ट्रकमाताम्रं कृष्णं सौर्पारकं वज्रम् ॥६॥ ईषत्ताम्रं हिमवति मातङ्गं वल्लपुष्पसङ्काशम् । आपीतं च कलिङ्गे श्यामं पौण्ड्रेषु सम्भूतम् ॥७॥ Slokas 6-7.—Diamonds got from the banks of the Vena river are of the purest kind ; those of Kosala, have the lustre of the Sirisha flower (i. e. whitish yellow) those of Surashtra, a reddish lustre; those of Saurpara country are dark in colour ; those of the Himalayas, slightly reddish ; those of Matanga country have the colour (grey) of Valla blossoms ; those of Kalinga are yellowish, and those of Paundra, black (blue ?) ऐन्द्रं षडश्रि शुक्लं याम्यं सर्पास्यरूपमसितं च । कदलीकाण्डनिकाशं वैष्णवमिति सर्वसंस्थानम् ॥८॥ वारुणमबलागुह्योपमं भवेत् कर्णिकारपुष्पनिभम् । शृङ्गाटकसंस्थानं व्याघ्राक्षिनिभं च हौतभुजम् ॥९॥ वायव्यं च यवोपममशोककुसुमप्रभं समुद्दिष्टम् । स्रोतः खनिः प्रकीर्णकमित्याकरसम्भवस्त्रिविधः ॥१०॥ Slokas 8-10.—A hexagonal white diamond is presi- ded over by Indra; a dark one of the shape of a snake's

630 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXX. Sl. 11-14. mouth, by Yama ; one coloured like a plantain tree, and of any shape, by Vishnu ; one coloured like a Karnikara flower and shaped like the female genital organ, by Varu- na ; a triangular one of the colour of a tiger’s eye (bluish- red), by fire ; one having the form of a barley corn and the hue of Asoka flower, by Vayu. Diamonds have three different sources, viz., rivers, mines and other places where gems are found. रक्तं पीतं च शुभं राजन्यानां सितं द्विजातीनाम् । शैरीषं वैश्यानां शूद्राणां शस्यतेऽसिनिभम् ॥११॥ Sloka 11.—Red and yellow diamonds are auspicious for Kshatriyas ; white ones, for Brahmins ; those of the hue of Sirisha flower, for Vaisyas ; and those resembling swords in colour (dark), for Sudras. सितसर्षपाष्टकं तण्डुलो भवेत्तण्डुलैस्तु विंशत्या । तुलितस्य द्वे लक्षे मूल्यं द्विघ्नोनिते चैनत् ॥१२॥ पादत्र्यंशाधोनं त्रिभागपञ्चांशषोडशांशाश्च । भागश्च पञ्चविंशः शतिकः साहसिकश्चेति ॥१३॥ Slokas 12-13.—Eight seeds of white mustard make one rice-grain. The price of a diamond weighing twenty grains is two lakhs (Karsapanas) ; One weighing 18 grains is worth a lakh and a half Karshas silver ; one of 16 grains 133,333⅓ ; one of 14 grains, one lakh ; one of 12 grains, 66,666⅔ ; one of ten grains 40,000 ; one of eight grains, 12,500 ; one of six grains, 8,000 ; one of four grains 2,000 ; one of two grains, 200 Karshas of silver. 80 silver coins make one Pana. 20 Panas make one Karsha- pana. सर्वद्रव्याभेद्यं लध्वम्भसि तरति रश्मिवत् स्निग्धम् । तडिदनलशक्रचापोपमं च वज्रं हितायोक्तम् ॥१४॥

Adh. LXXX. Sl. 15-18.] अशीतितमोऽध्यायः 631 Sloka 14.—A diamond is said to be beneficial to the owner ; it cannot be pierced by any other substance, is light, cleaves through water like a ray, is glossy and similar to lightning, fire or the rain-bow. The commentator interprets “अम्भसि तरति रश्मिवत्” as sinks in water and is full of rays : but तरति generally means 'floats.’ काकपदमक्षिकाकेशधातुयुक्तानि शर्करैर्विद्धम् । द्विगुणाश्रि दग्धकलुषत्रस्तविशीर्णानि न शुभानि ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—Diamonds that show scratches like crow- feet, bees or hair, are mixed with coloured mineral sub- stances or gravel, have double facets, are burnt, dis- coloured, lustreless or perforated, are inauspicious. यानि च बुद्बुददलिताग्रचिपिटवासीफलप्रदीर्घाणि । सर्वेषां चैतेषां मूल्याद्भागोऽष्टमो हानिः ॥१६॥ Sloka 16.—So also are those that are covered with bubbles, split at the points, flattened, or oblong like the Vasi fruit. The price of all such is one-eighth less than that above specified. वज्रं न किञ्चिदपि धारयितव्यमेके पुत्रार्थिनीभिरबलाभिरुशन्ति तज्ज्ञाः । शृङ्गाटकत्रिपुटधान्यकवत् स्थितं य- च्छ्रोणीनिभं च शुभदं तनयार्थिनीनाम् ॥१७॥ Sloka 17.—Some authorities opine that women wishing to beget sons should never wear diamonds ; but (in our opinion) diamonds that are triangular, trigonal and like the coriander seed, or the buttocks, are product- ive of good results to ladies desiring male offspring. स्वजनविभवजीवितक्षयं जनयति वज्रमनिष्टलक्षणम् । अशनेर्विषमयरिनाशनं शुभमुपभोगकरं च भूपताम् ॥१८॥

बृहत्संहितायाम् मुक्तालक्षणम् ॥८१॥ द्विपभुजगशुक्तिशङ्खाभ्रवेणुतिमिसूकरप्रसूतानि । मुक्ताफलानि तेषां बहुसाधु च शुक्तिजं भवति ॥१॥ सिंहलकपारलौकिकसौराष्ट्रकताम्रपर्णिपारशवाः । कौबेरपाण्ड्यवाटकहैमा इत्याकरास्त्वष्टौ ॥२॥ बहुसंस्थानाः स्निग्धा हंसाभाः सिंहलाकराः स्थूलाः । ईषत्ताम्राः श्वेतास्तमोवियुक्ताश्च ताम्राख्याः ॥३॥ कृष्णाः श्वेताः पीताः सशर्कराः पारलौकिका विषमाः । न स्थूला नात्यल्पा नवनीतनिभाश्च सौराष्ट्राः ॥४॥ ज्योतिष्मत्यः शुभ्रा गुरवोऽतिमहागुणाश्च पारशवाः । लघु जर्जरं दधिनिभं बृहद्विसंस्थानमपि हैमम् ॥५॥ विषमं कुंब्भश्वेतं लघु कौबेरं प्रमाणतेजोवत् । निम्बफलत्रिपुटधान्यकचूर्णाः स्युः पाण्ड्यवाटकभवाः ॥६॥

Adh. LXXXI. Sl. 7-12.] एकाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 633 Slokas 3-6.---The pearls got from Ceylon are multi- shaped, glossy, swan-white and large; those from the Tamraparni are white with a slight red tinge and bright; those from Paraloka are blackish, white or yellow, min- gled with gravel and uneven; those from Surashtra are neither too big, nor too small, and hued like butter; those from Persia are brilliant, clear, heavy and very valuable; those from the Himalayas are light, broken, hued like curds, large and double-shaped; those from the North country are rough, black or white, light, of good size and brilliancy: and those from Pandya Vata are like the neem fruit, or coriander seed, trigonal and very minute. अतसीकुसुमश्यामं वैष्णवमैन्द्रं शशाङ्कसङ्काशम् । हरितालनिभं वारुणमसितं यमदैवतं भवति ॥७॥ परिणतदाडिमगुलिकागुञ्जाताम्रं च वायुदैवत्यम् । निर्धूममानलकमलप्रभं च विज्ञेयमाग्नेयम् ॥८॥ Slokas 7-8—A pearl dark like the Atasee flower is presided over by Vishnu; one like the Moon, by Indra; one having the hue of orpiment, by Varuna; a dark one, by Yama; one red like the seed of a ripe pomegranate or a Gunja, by Vayu; one having the brilliance of smokeless fire or the lustre of lotus, by Fire. माषकचतुष्टयधृतस्यैकस्य शताहता त्रिपञ्चाशत् । . कार्षापणा निगदिता मूल्यं तेजोगुणयुतस्य ॥९॥ माषकदलहान्यातो द्वात्रिंशद्विंशतिस्त्रयोदश च । अष्टौ च शतानि शतत्रयं त्रिपञ्चाशता सहितम् ॥१०॥ पञ्चत्रिंशं शतमिति चत्वारः कृष्णला नवतिमूल्याः । सार्धास्तिस्रो गुञ्जाः सप्ततिमूल्यं धृतं रूपम् ॥११॥ गुञ्जात्रयस्य मूल्यं पञ्चाशद्रूपका गुणयुतस्य । • रूपकपञ्चत्रिंशत्त्रयस्य गुञ्जार्धहीनस्य ॥१२॥ बृ. सं 80.

634 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXXI. Sl. 13-17. Slokas 9-12.—The price set down for a pearl of good lustre and quality, weighing four Mashakas is 5300 Karshas silver. The prices for pearls weighing 3½, 3, 2½, 2 and 1½ Mashakas in order are 3200, 2000, 1300, 800 and 353 K. Silver. A pearl weighing one Mashaka is worth 135 K; one weighing four Rettis is worth90 K; one of 3½ Rettis, 70 K; a good one of 3 Rettis, 50 silver pieces (Karshas); one of 2½ Gunjas, 35 silver pieces. One Retti (Gunja Krishnala) = ⅕ Mashaka. पलदशभागो धरणं तद्यदि मुक्तास्त्रयोदश सुरूपाः । त्रिशती सपञ्चविंशा रूपकसं ख्या कृतं मूल्यम् ॥१३॥ षोडशकस्य द्विशती विंशतिरूपस्य सप्ततिः सशता । यत्पञ्चविंशतिधृतं तस्य शतं त्रिंशता सहितम् ॥१४॥ त्रिंशत्सप्ततिमूल्यं चत्वारिंशच्छतार्धमूल्यं च । षष्टिः पञ्चोना वा धरणं पञ्चाष्टकं मूल्यम् ॥१५॥ मुक्ताशीत्या त्रिंशच्छतस्य सा पञ्चरूपकविहीना । द्वित्रिचतुःपञ्चशता द्वादशषट्पञ्चकीत्रितयम् ॥१६॥ Slokas 13-16.—The 10th part of a Pala is called one Dharana. If thirteen good pearls together weigh one Dharana, their price is fixed at 325 K. Silver. Six- teen pearls weighing so much are worth 200 K; twenty pearls, 170 K; twenty-five pearls, 130 K; 30 pearls, 70 K; 40 pearls, 50 K.; 60 or 55 pearls, 40 K.; 80 pearls, 30 K.; 100 pearls, 25 K.; 200, 300, 400 and 500 pearls weighing together one Dharana are worth sucessively 12, 6, 5 and 3 silver pieces. Five Gunjas make one Masha; 16 Mashas make one Suvarna; 4 Suvarnas make one Pala. So a Dharana= ⅖ of a Suvarna. पिकापिच्छार्धार्धा रत्नकः सिक्थं त्रयोदशाद्यानाम् । सञ्ज्ञाः परतो निगराश्चूर्णाश्चाशीतिपूर्वाणाम् ॥१७॥

Adh. LXXXI. Sl. 18-22.] एकाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 635 Sloka 17.—The term to denote a collection of 13 pearls that together weigh one Dharana is Pikka ; a col- lection of 16 is known as Pichcha; those of 20, 25, 30, 40, 55, and 80 and so forth are respectively Argha, Ardha, Ravaka, Siktha, Nigara, and Churna (or dust). एतद्गुणयुक्तानां धरणधृतानां प्रकीर्तितं मूल्यम् । परिकल्प्यमन्तराले हीनगुणानां क्षयः कार्यः ॥१८॥ कृष्णश्वेतकपीतकताम्राणामीषदपि च विषमाणाम् । त्र्यंशोनं विषमकपीतयोश्च षड्भागदलहीनम् ॥१९॥ Slokas 18-19.—The above is the price fixed for the various collections of pearls of good quality, weighing one Dharana. The price of intermediate groups of pearls will have to be found out proportionately; but suitable reductions in the prices of inferior pearls are to be made as given below :—The price of pearls that are slightly black, white, yellowish or copper-hued or slightly uneven (rough), is that given above reduced by a third; whereas that of utterly rough and yellow pearls is less by a sixth and a half respectively. ऐरावतकुलजानां पुष्यश्रवणेन्दुसूर्यदिवसेषु । ये चोत्तरायणभवा ग्रहणेऽर्केन्द्वोश्च भद्रेभाः ॥२०॥ तेषां किल जायन्ते मुक्ताः कुम्भेषु सरदकोशेषु । बहवो बृहत्प्रमाणा बहुसंस्थानाः प्रभायुक्ताः ॥२१॥ नैषामर्षः कार्यो न च वेधोऽतीव ते प्रभायुक्ताः । सुतविजयारोग्यकरा महापवित्रा धृता राज्ञाम् ॥२२॥ Slokas 20-22.—It is said that pearls are produced in the heads and the places where the tusks meet, of the elephants of Airavata's family at the Moon's conjunction with Pushya and Sravana synchronous with a Sunday or

636 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LXXXI. Sl. 23-26. a Monday ; of the Bhadra (happy) elephants born during the Sun's Northern course, at an eclipse of the Sun or the Moon. These pearls are plentiful, large, brilliant and of various shapes. These are beyond any estimate and should not be perforated, being too brilliant. When worn by kings, they will prove highly sanctifying and bestow children, victory and good health. दंष्ट्रामूले शशिकान्तिसप्रभं च बहुगुणं वाराहम् । तिमिजं मत्स्याक्षिनिभं बृहत्पवित्रं बहुगुणं च ॥२३॥ Sloka 23.—Very valuable and lustrous like the Moon is the pearl born of the root of the boar's tusks ; the pearl got from whales resembles a fish's eye, is large, purifying and of great value. वर्षोपलवज्जातं वायुस्कन्धाच्च सप्तमाद्भ्रष्टम् । ह्रियते किल खाद्दिव्यैस्तडित्प्रभं मेघसम्भूतम् ॥२४॥ Sloka 24.—They say that pearl is produced in the clouds of the seventh layer of wind in the sky in the manner of hail-stones. It falls therefrom with the brilli- ance of lightning and is taken away by the denizens of heaven. The 7 layers of wind are : आवहः, प्रवहः, संवहः, उद्वहः, विवहः, परिवहः and परावहः. तक्षकवासुकिकुलजाः कामगमा ये च पन्नगास्तेषाम् । स्निग्धा नीलद्युतयो भवन्ति मुक्ताः फणस्यान्ते ॥२५॥ शस्तेऽवनिप्रदेशे रजतमये भाजने स्थिते च यदि । वर्षति देवोऽकस्मात्तज्ज्ञेयं नागसम्भूतम् ॥२६॥ Slokas 25-26.—The snakes of the lineage of Taksha and Vasuki and those that move at will, have bright, blue-tinged pearls on their hoods. If Indra suddenly

Adh. LXXXI. Sl. 27-30 ] एकाशीतितमोऽध्यायः 637 rains on a blessed spot of the earth and into a silver one may understand it to be a pearl coming from the vessel, snakes. अपहरति विषमलक्ष्मीं क्षपयति शत्रून् यशो विकासयति । भौजङ्गं नृपतीनां धृतमकृतार्थं विजयदं च ॥२७॥ Sloka 27.—A pearl born of the snakes, worn by kings will prove invaluable to them, destroy their mis- fortune and enemies, enhance their reputation and bes- tow victory. कर्पूरस्फटिकनिभं चिपिटं विषमं च वेणुजं ज्ञेयम् । शङ्खोद्भवं शशिनिभं वृत्तं भ्राजिष्णु रुचिरं च ॥२८॥ Sloka 28.—A pearl is to be known to have sprung from bamboo by its resembling camphor or crystal, and by its being flat and rough. The pearl born of conch shell is round, lustrous, beautiful and moon-like. शङ्खतिमिवेणुवारणवराहभुजगाभ्रजान्यवेद्या(ध्या)नि । अमितगुणत्वाच्चैषामर्घः शास्त्रे न निर्दिष्टः ॥२९॥ Sloka 29.—The pearls got from conch-shells, whales, bamboos, elephants, boars, snakes and clouds cannot be easily recognised (should not be perforated) ; and as they are of immense value, no price has been fixed upon them by the authorities एतानि सर्वाणि महागुणानि सुतार्थसौभाग्ययशस्कराणि । रुक्शोकहन्तॄणि च पार्थिवानां मुक्ताफलानीप्सितकामदानि ॥३०॥ Sloka 30.—All the above categories of pearls are extremely valuable ; they bestow on kings, sons, wealth, popularity, renown and desired objects and dispel diseases and grief.