काश्यप संहिता (वृद्ध जीवकीय तन्त्र व विद्योतिनी हिन्दी टीका सहित)

११४ काश्यपसंहिता वा वृद्धजीवकीयं तन्त्रम्

B. C. 427 आरम्भ B. C. 400 समयान्नातिपश्चात् स्यादनेन ग्रन्थसंपादनं कृतमिति Galen (C. 130-200 A.D.) महाशयस्य^१ मतम्, B. C. 430 आरभ्य 420 पर्यन्तमिति Littre महाशयस्य^२ मतम्, छन्दोव्याकरणलेखशैलीनामनुसन्धाने अलेक्जेण्डरादनन्तरं हिपोक्रिटसग्रन्थस्य B. C. 300 समये रचनेति कस्यचन^३ मतं वर्तते। तन्नाम्ना बहवो ग्रन्था दृश्यन्ते, तेषु परस्परविरोधलेखशैलीभेदाद्दर्शनेन सर्वे हिपोक्रिटसीया इति पूर्णतया विश्वस्य कथयितुं न शक्यते इति थ्रेमर (E. Thra-mer) महाशयेन^४; केषाञ्चित्तदीयत्वेऽपि सर्वे न तदीयाः किन्तु तद्वंश्यैस्तदन्तेवासिभिस्तदनुयायिभिश्च लिखिता बहवः सन्तीति ड्रेपर (Draper) महाशयेन^५; P. C. रायमहाशयेनः अन्यैरपि च लिखितं वर्तते। हिपोक्रिटसात् पूर्वतनस्य डेमोकेडिसस्य^६ ग्रन्थोऽपि हिपोक्रिटस ग्रन्थेषु प्रविष्ट इत्यप्युपलभ्यते। तत्र एफारिजनामको ग्रन्थो डाइक्लिसविदुषा, आर्टिक्युलेशननामको ग्रन्थः टेरियिसविदुषा, द्वित्रा अन्ये ग्रन्था मेननविदुषा पूर्वं विज्ञाता आसन्। नेचर ऑफ मॅन नामको ग्रन्थः अरिष्टाटलविदुषा^७ विज्ञात आसीत्, सोऽपि पालिवसस्य तं ग्रन्थं जानाति। 'हिपोक्रिटसस्य स्वलेखमयोऽमुको ग्रन्थ इति निश्चयेन वक्तुं न शक्यते, ईदृशः कोऽपि ग्रन्थो नास्ति यो भेषज्यपितृपदारूढस्य रचनेति वक्तुं शक्येत। तदीयनाम्ना प्रसिद्धानां ग्रन्थानां सङ्ग्रहे उपशतं ग्रन्था वर्तन्ते, येषु परस्परं विभिन्ना विरुद्धाश्च विचारा दृश्यन्ते। विभिन्न-सांप्रदायिकैर्ग्रीसराष्ट्रीयविभिन्नस्थानीयैर्विभिन्नकालिकैश्च विद्वद्भिर्निर्मितानां नानाग्रन्थानामसौ सङ्ग्रहो ज्ञायते, येषां मिथः षट्शताब्दीपर्यन्तमपि समयान्तरमस्ति^८। केचन ग्रन्थास्तु

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१. The style of a treatise is sometimes a sure test and sometimes not. Sophistic rhetoric is of such a marked character in its most pronounced form that a treatise showing it is not likely to be much earlier than 427 B. C. nor much later than 400 B. C. when sophistic extravagances began to be modified under the influence of the Attic orators. Hippocrates Vol. I, Introduction P. XXXII.

२. All this evidence tends to fix the date as approximately 430-420 B. C., and to suggest as the writer either Hippocrates or a very capable supporter of the medical school of which Hippocrates was a contemporary member. Hippocrates Vol. I, P. V.

३. In some respects grammar and diction are the surest tests of all. If the negative Un' markedly ousting ov' it is sure sign of Post Alexandrine (the hers of which was Alexander the Great) date. There is also a subtle quality about writings later than 300 B. C. an unnatural verbosity and tortuousness of expression, a suspicion of 'the baboo' that is as unmistakable as it is impalpable. A few of the Hippocratic treatises display this characteristic. Hippocrates Vol I, Introduction P. XXXII.

४. The Corpus Hippokr. contains over seventy treatises, but none of them can be with absolute confidence ascribed to the master (Hippocrates), while many are not the products of his school. E. R. E. Vol. VI P. 543 E. Thramer.

५. Of the works attributed to Hippocrates, many are doubtless the production of his family, his descendants, or his pupils. Draper-P. C. Ray History of Hindu Chemistry Vol. I P. XVIII.

६. But he (Demokedes) can hardly have lived to see the birth of Hippocrates, in whose time the most important of the treatises here translated were composed. Hippocrates Vol. III P. XVI.

७. Hippocrates Vol. I. P. XXVIII.

८. To the question ‘Which of these works is of Hippocrates’ ? no definite answer can be given. There is no work which we can state with confidence to be by Father of Medicine. The books of the collection, of which there are about 100, are by a number of authors of different schools, holding various and often contradictory views, living in widely separate parts of the Greek world and writing at dates separated, in extreme cases, by perhaps five or six centuries. E. B. Vol. XV P. 198.