काश्यप संहिता (वृद्ध जीवकीय तन्त्र व विद्योतिनी हिन्दी टीका सहित)

उपोद्घातः १२७

मस्ति। पाथागोरसानुयायिनां दार्शनिकानां भैषज्यविद्यासम्बन्धस्य हिपोक्रिटसे प्रभावपातस्य च दर्शनेन पाथागोरसस्यापि भैषज्यविज्ञानवत्त्वं बहुशः सम्भाव्यते। क्रोटनस्थानस्थः अल्क्मेइनो (Alcmaeon) नाम पाथागोरससंस्थाया अप्यनुयायी आसीत्, वैद्यविद्यानुरागी स हिपोक्रिटससम्प्रदाय पूर्णरूपेण स्वप्रभावं दर्शितवानित्युल्लेख¹दर्शनेन पाथागोरसस्यापि भैषज्यविद्यासम्बन्धिनी संस्थाऽऽसीदित्यनुमीयते। पाथागोरसीयविद्याविषयाणामनुसन्धाने मानवशरीरे मानसिकशारीरिकविकृतिनिवृत्तये सङ्गीतप्रयोगाद्युपायोपयोगः, आकृतिपरीक्षया शरीरान्तर्विकारपरिज्ञानं, पशुमांसभक्षणस्याहितावहत्वेन ततो निवर्तनस्य श्रेयस्त्वम् आरोग्यसम्पत्तये पथ्यविषये समादरः, शारीरिकशक्तिवर्धकोपायानुसन्धानं, व्यक्तिभेदेन प्रकृतिवैषम्यात् सर्वेषामाहारस्य नैकरूप्यमपि तु यथाप्रकृति तद्विधानम्, ईदृशा विषया अपि लभ्यन्ते ²इति; पाथागोरसस्य यावन्त आदेशास्तेषु शरीरसौष्ठवमापादयितुं स्वानुकूलपथ्यसेवनादिनियमपरिपाल-नोपदेशाय विशिष्टस्थानं दीयते ³इति; पाथागोरससम्प्रदाये रोगनिवृत्तये अन्तरुपयोज्यौषधप्रयोगापेक्षया विशेषतः पथ्याहारविहारादिनियमपरिपालने, औषधे उपयोज्येऽपि यावच्छक्यं लेपादिबाह्यशरीरोपचारे विशेषदृष्टि⁴रासीदिति; B. C. 530 वर्षे क्रोटनस्थानमुपेत्योपदेशान् दातुं प्रवृत्ते पाथागोरसे तत्रोपगतैस्त्रिशतजनैस्तदुपदेशं स्वीकृत्य औषधोपयोगादपि पथ्याहारविहारादिपरिपालनेन शरीरस्वास्थ्यरक्षायय शपथः कृत⁵ इति; बहून् देशान् पर्यटन् मिश्रदेशमुपगतः पाथागोर-सस्तत्रागन्तुकानामपि ग्रहणलालसोपपादकं भैषज्यविद्याप्रचारविशेषं दृष्ट्वा विस्मयमवा⁶पेति; क्रोटनप्रदेशे पाथागोरसेन सह सङ्गतेन पाथागोरससाम्प्रदायिकस्य मीलोनामकस्य जामात्रा डेमोकेडिस-(Demokedes) नाम्ना प्रवर्तितो भैषज्यविषयकः सम्प्रदायः B. C. तृतीयचतुर्थशताब्द्योः प्रचलित आ⁷सीत् इति च ग्रोट्स (Grotes)

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१. The first philosophers to take a serious interest in medicine were the Pythagoreans. Alcmaeon (a young man in the old age of Pythagoras) of Croton, although perhaps not strictly a Pythagorean was closely connected with the sect and appears to have exercised considerable influence upon the Hippocratic School. Hippocrates Vol. I. P. XI.

२. We hear of his (Pythagoras) memorial discipline, his monastic self-scrutiny, his employment of music to soothe disorderly passions, his knowledge of physiognomy which enabled him to detect even without trial, unworthy subjects, his peculiar diet, and his rigid care for sobriety as well as for bodily vigour. He is also said to have inculcated abstinence from animal food, a feeling so naturally connected with the doctrine of metempsy. chosis, that we may well believe him to have entertained it, as Empedocles also did after him.
History of Greece Vol. IV P. 322 by Grotes.

३. Yet on the other hand, it seems equally certain that the members of the order cannot have been subjected to the same diet, or training, or studies.
History of Greece Vol. IV. P. 322-Grotes.

४. History of Greece Vol. IV. P. 325-Grotes.

५. That a select body of these adherents (of Pythagoras) three hundred in number, bound themselves by a sort of vow both to Pythagoras and to each other, adopting a peculiar diet, ritual and observances, as a token of union.
History of Greece Vol. IV P. 329-Grotes.

६. The medical art in Egypt, at the time when Pythagoras visited the country, was sufficiently far advanced to excite the attention of an inquisitive traveller-the branches of it minutely subdivided and strict rules laid down for practice. Herodotus II. 84; Aristotle Politics III. 10. 4.
History of Greece Vol. IV P. 325.-Grotes.

७. The medical or surgical celebrity of Demokedes (Son-in-law of the Pythagorean Milo), to whom allusion has been made in a former chapter (P. 180 ff Vol. IV), is contemporaneous with the presence of Pythagoras at Kroton. History of Greece Vol. IV P. 327-Grotes.